Mark Iosifovich Chirik (also known as Marc Laverne , Hebrew מרדכי חיריק , fr. Marc Chirik - Marc Chirik , Spanish Marc Chirik - Chirik ; May 13, 1907 , Chisinau , Bessarabia - December 20, 1990 , Paris ) - activist left-communist movement in France and Venezuela (1952-1968), one of the direct participants in the creation of the largest world left-communist organization - the International Communist movement . [1] Published under the initials MC, M., Marco, Juan and others. [2]
| Mark Hirik | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Mordechai Iosifovich Khirik |
| Aliases | Mark Laverne |
| Date of Birth | May 13, 1907 |
| Place of Birth | Chisinau Bessarabian province , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | December 20, 1990 ( 83) |
| A place of death | Paris |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | |
| The consignment | International communist movement |
Biography
Mark (Mordechai) Iosifovich Khirik was born on May 13 (old style) in Chisinau in 1907, the youngest child in a large rabbinical family. [3] His parents, Joseph Zelmanovich Khirik (1871–?, Originally from Kamenetz-Podolsk ) and Tsipa Mordkovna Steinpres (1877—?, Originally from Khmelnik ), married in 1896 in Chisinau. [4] In 1919, the entire Hirik family emigrated to Mandatory Palestine through Constantinople and Beirut . Since 1921, together with his older brothers and sister, he took part in the work of the socialist group Mifleget Pohalim Socialim (which became the core organized two years later by the Communist Party of Palestine ), but was expelled from it for disagreeing with the position of the Comintern on the national question. In 1924 he emigrated with his brothers to France, where he joined the French Communist Party, from which he was expelled along with the Left Opposition . [5]
In 1938 he was a member of the Italian faction of the International Communist Left. [6] [7] During the Second World War, he joins the French faction of the international leftist communists, created in 1944 and close to Amadeo Bordiga . [8] However, in May 1945, he broke away from the Bordigist tendency, opposing the decision of the conference of the Italian faction to dissolve the organization and join the recently formed Partito Comunista Internazionalista (Internationalist Communist Party). Having broken up with the Bordigists, he continued the social struggle within the framework of the organization of the Left Communists of France.
In 1952, after the demise of the Left Communists of France, Marc Chirique emigrated to Venezuela. There he continues his revolutionary activities and takes part in the creation of the Internationalism group. [9] In 1968 he returned to France and created, together with some Venezuelan comrades, the French group “International Revolution” . The left-communist group formed in France is systematically trying to create an international organization after the turbulent events of 1968.
In January 1975, the Venezuelan group “Internationalism” , the French group “International Revolution” , the British “World Revolution” , the American “Internationalism” , the Spanish “Proletarian Action” and the Italian “International Revolution” founded the International Communist Movement (ICT) . Mark Hirik took an active part in the creation of ICT and until his death in 1990 remained a prominent activist of this revolutionary communist organization. [10]
Marc Chiric is one of the heroes of the novel Planet Without a Visa, written by the French writer Jean Malaque (with whom he had been in correspondence for many years). [11] [12] [13]
Notes
- ↑ From World War II to the present day
- ↑ Publications of Mark Hirik
- ↑ Philippe Bourrinet "Marc (Mordechaï) Chirik"
- ↑ See records of the Chisinau city rabbi at JewishGen.org (Romania database, registration required). There is also a record of the birth of their children.
- ↑ Ligue Communiste (France) Archives
- ↑ The Foundation of the Internationalist Communist Party
- ↑ The "Partito Comunisto Internazionalista"
- ↑ Serge Bricaner (1923-1997)
- ↑ An Interview with Eduardo Rothe
- ↑ Biographie de Serge Bricianer (Inaccessible link) . Date of treatment November 7, 2012. Archived April 3, 2012.
- ↑ Correspondence of M. Hirik and J. Malake
- ↑ Malaquais, Jean, 1908-1998
- ↑ The postwar novelist in regression: Norman Mailer (1923-2007)