Klimenii [2] ( Latin Clymeniida ) is a detachment of extinct cephalopod mollusks from the ammonite subclass. Klimenii existed for a very short time (by the standards of the periods of the history of the Earth) at the end of the Devonian period ( 376.1-360.7 million years ago [1] ).
| † Climenia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Clymenia laevigata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clymeniida Sepkoski Jr. 2002 [1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geochronology 376.1—360.7 Ma
◄ Nowadays◄ Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction◄ Triassic extinction◄ Perm mass extinction◄ Devonian extinction◄ Ordovician-Silurian extinction◄ Cambrian explosion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Description
They had a shell coiled up in a flat helix, the younger revolutions of which only adjoined to the older ones, and did not cover them, like in other ammonites; the siphon of the shell they adjoined to the dorsal side, and not to the ventral one. The inside of the shell is divided by transverse partitions into separate chambers; through all the chambers, except the outer one, in which the animal was placed, a siphon tube passes in the middle of the inner side of each chamber; The place of attachment of transverse partitions to the walls of the shell is indicated by a suture line, which is wavy-curved. The dimensions of the shells of these mollusks vary from 1 to 50 centimeters. They are important governing fossils, their fossils are found in Europe and North Africa.
Classification
According to the Paleobiology Database website, as of October 2018, the detachment includes 4 extinct sub-orders and 2 genus incertae sedis [1] :
- Childbirth Borkinia and Kazakhoclymenia
- Suborder Clymeniina Hyatt, 1884
- Suborder Cyrtoclymeniina Korn, 2002
- Suborder Gonioclymeniina
- Suborder Wocklumeriina Becker, 1997
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Clymeniida (English) information on the Paleobiology Database . (Checked November 29, 2018) .
- ↑ Klimenii // Kvarner - Kongur. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. Ed. AM Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 12).
Literature
- House R. 1970. The origin of the Clymenid ammonoids. Palaeontology 13 : 664-676.
- Gottobrio WE & Saunders WB 2005. The clymeniid dilemma: functional implications of the dorsal siphuncle in clymeniid ammonoids. Paleobiology 31 (2): 233-252.