A hydraulic (pneumatic) scheme is a technical document containing, in the form of conventional graphic images or designations, information about the structure of the product, its components and the relationship between them, which is based on the use of the energy of a compressed liquid ( gas ). The hydraulic circuit is one of the types of product diagrams and is denoted in the code of the main inscription by the letter β G β (pneumatic - by the letter β P β) [1] .
Hydraulic and pneumatic schemes, depending on their main purpose, are divided into the following types [2] :
- structural ;
- principled ;
- wiring diagrams.
Content
Structural hydraulic (pneumatic) circuits
On the structural diagram, the elements and devices are depicted in the form of rectangles, inside which the name of the corresponding functional part is entered. All elements are interconnected by interconnection lines (solid main lines), on which it is customary to indicate the flow directions of the working medium in accordance with GOST 2.721-68 [3]
When a large number of functional parts are allowed, instead of names, types and symbols, place serial numbers to the right of or above the image, as a rule, from top to bottom in the direction from left to right. In this case, the names, types and designations indicate in the table, which is located in the fields of the scheme. This type of schemes is indicated in the cipher of the main inscription by the symbols G1 (or P1 , for pneumatic ones).
Hydraulic (pneumatic) schematics
The schematic diagram depicts all hydraulic (pneumatic) elements or devices necessary for the implementation and control of specified hydraulic (pneumatic) processes in the product, and all hydraulic (pneumatic) connections between them. This uses graphic conventions:
- for hydroaccumulators , air conditioners, hydraulic tanks and other elements according to GOST 2.780-96 [4] ;
- for distributors and measuring devices - according to GOST 2.781-96 [5] ;
- for pumps and hydraulic motors (pneumatic motors) - according to GOST 2.782-96 [6] .
Each element must have a reference designation, which consists of a letter designation and a serial number. The letter designation should be shortened the name of the element, composed of its initial or characteristic letters, for example: valve - K, throttle - DR. The sequence numbers of the elements (devices) should be assigned, starting from one, within the group of elements (devices), which are assigned the same literal reference designation, for example, P1, P2, P3, etc., K1, K2, K3 and t .d
The letter reference numbers of the main elements [2] :
- Device (common designation) - A
- The hydroaccumulator (pneumoaccumulator) - AK
- Heat exchanger - AT
- Hydroback - B
- Moisture separator - VD
- The gate - VN
- Hydraulic Coupler - W
- Pneumatic silencer - G
- Rotary hydraulic motor (rotary air motor) - D
- Flow Divider - DP
- Hydrothrottle (pneumothrottle) - DR
- The hydrolock (pnevmozamok) - ZM
- Hydrovalve (pneumatic valve) - K
- Hydrovalve (pneumatic valve) time delay - KV
- Hydrovalve (pneumatic valve) pressure - KD
- Hydrovalve (pneumatic valve) reverse - KO
- Hydrovalve (pneumatic valve) safety - KP
- Hydrovalve (pneumatic valve) reducing - ΠΠ
- Compressor - KM
- The hydromotor (pneumomotor) - M
- Pressure gauge - MN
- Hydrodynamic transmission - MP
- Oil Sprayer - MP
- Hydrodynamic coupling - MF
- Pump - N
- Axial piston pump - ON
- Pump-motor - NM
- Plastinchasy pump - NP
- Radial Piston Pump - HP
- Pneumohydraulic converter - PG
- Hydraulic converter - PR
- The hydrodistributor - P
- Pressure switch - RD
- The hydraulic device (pneumoapparatus) spool - RZ
- The hydraulic device (pneumoapparatus) valve - RK
- Flow Regulator - RP
- Receiver - PC
- Separator - With
- Thread adder - SP
- Thermometer - T
- Gyrodynamic Transformer - TP
- Air Release Device - HC
- Power - CSS
- Filter - F
- Hydraulic Cylinder (Pneumatic Cylinder) - C
On the schematic diagram, all elements included in the product and shown in the diagram should be unambiguously identified.
The data on the elements must be entered in the list of elements. At the same time, the connection of the list with conventional graphic symbols of the elements should be carried out using reference numbers. The list of elements is placed on the first sheet of the scheme or carried out in the form of an independent document.
These schemes are denoted in the cipher of the main inscription by the symbols G3 ( A3 ').
Connection Diagrams
In the connection diagrams, in addition to all hydraulic and pneumatic elements, pipelines and elements of pipeline connections are also shown. At the same time, the pipeline connections are shown in the form of simplified external outlines, and the pipelines themselves are shown by solid main lines.
The arrangement of graphic designations of elements and devices in the diagram should approximately correspond to the actual placement of elements and devices in the product. It is allowed on the diagram not to show the location of elements and devices in the product if the scheme is performed on several sheets or the location of elements and devices at the place of operation is unknown.
On the diagram near the graphic designations of elements and devices indicate the reference designations assigned to them on the circuit diagram. Near or inside the graphic designation of the device and next to the graphic designation of the element it is allowed to indicate its name and type and / or designation of the document on the basis of which the device is used, the nominal values ββof the main parameters (pressure, flow, flow, etc.).
These schemes are designated in the code of the main inscription by the symbols G4 ( P4 ).
See also
- Hydraulic drive
- Pneumatic actuator
Notes
- β GOST 2.701-2008 Unified system for design documentation. Scheme. Types and types. General requirements for implementation.
- β 1 2 GOST 2.704-76 Unified system for design documentation. Rules of hydraulic and pneumatic schemes.
- β GOST 2.721-68 Unified system for design documentation. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Designations of general application.
- β GOST 2.780-68 Unified system for design documentation. Symbols conditional graphic. Air conditioners of working environment, hydraulic and pneumatic tanks
- β GOST 2.781-96 Unified system for design documentation. Symbols conditional graphic. Hydraulic and pneumatic devices, control devices and instrumentation devices
- β GOST 2.782-96 Unified system for design documentation. Symbols conditional graphic. Hydraulic and pneumatic machines.
Literature
- Hydraulics, hydraulic machines and hydraulic drives: A textbook for engineering universities / T. M. Bashta , S. S. Rudnev, B. B. Nekrasov, and others. - 2nd ed., Revised. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1982.