Dipo film , double-sided film is a type of positive film with two emulsion layers located on both sides of the substrate . It was used in early two- color systems of color or stereoscopic cinema for the manufacture of color film copies [1] .
The name “dipo film” has taken root in the Soviet cinema from the German name and labeling of the Agfa Dipo film, which was used to print two-color films [2] . In the American film industry, the term English was used. Duplitized film . Before the advent of color multilayer films from the 1910s to the 1940s, a dipo film allowed one to get a two-color positive on one film. The presence of two emulsion layers on different sides of the substrate made it possible to tint them in different colors and thus obtain a two-color positive or anaglyphic stereopair [3] [4] . Printing was carried out by contact from two color - separated black-and-white negatives or from stereopair negatives pressed on both sides by emulsion layers to the emulsions of the dipo film. In order to prevent exposure through the substrate, a yellow dye was added to both non-sensitized emulsions, transmitting only non-actinic light to the opposite photosensitive layer. In the process of development, the dye was washed out of the emulsion layers, and then each of them was tinted in its own color [5] . The most common pair of tinting colors - orange-red and blue-green - was used in the two-color process “ Sinecolor ” and its predecessor “Prism”.
The first domestic two-color films “Carnival of Flowers” and “ Grunya Kornakova ” were printed in color on a dipo film [2] . Before the advent of hydrotype technology for printing color film copies, a dipo film was almost the only way to get a color film. However, even after the advent of the three-color Technicolor technology, the dipo film was used to print films using the two-color technology, and in the Super Sinecolor process, the yellow color from the color-separated matrix was additionally printed using the hydrotype method on the two-color dipo film. Printing on a dipo film was cheaper and more technologically advanced than hydrotype printing, however, the emulsion on both sides of the substrate made the photocopy more vulnerable to scratches and scuffs. In addition, this hindered the simultaneous sharp projection of color-separated components. With the advent of color multilayer films, the use of a dipo film was abandoned.
See also
- Beepak
- Sinecolor
Notes
- ↑ World of Cinema Technology, 2015 , p. 28.
- ↑ 1 2 Mediavision, 2012 , p. 72.
- ↑ World of Cinema Technology, 2011 , p. 34.
- ↑ Yuri Ilyin. Cinema expert Nikolai Mayorov on stereo films in the USSR . Computerra (July 23, 2010). Date of appeal September 26, 2012. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Film Studies Notes, 2011 , p. 197.
Literature
- Nikolay Mayorov. The second life of “Carnival of Flowers” (Russian) // Mediavision: magazine. - 2012. - No. 6 . - S. 72 .
- Nikolay Mayorov. The Color of Soviet Cinema (Russian) // " Cinema Notes ": a magazine. - 2011. - No. 98 . - S. 196-209 . - ISSN 0235-8212 .
- N.A. Mayorov. The formation and development of domestic stereo cinema (rus.) // "World of cinema technology": magazine. - 2011. - No. 1 (19) . - S. 33-51 . - ISSN 1991-3400 .
- N. Mayorov. The problem of authenticity in the restoration of color films (rus.) // “World of Cinema Technique”: journal. - 2015. - No. 4 (9) . - S. 26-37 . - ISSN 1991-3400 .