Regal lily [3] [4] , or the royal lily [5] , or the Tibetan lily [6] , or the regalee lily , or the Chinese lily [7] ( Latin Lilium regale ) is a perennial bulbous plant; view of the genus Lily .
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Lilium regale EHWilson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese name: ε²·ζ± ηΎε (Minjiang baihe, Minjiang Baikhe, ie Minjiang Lily) [8] .
Found in 1903 by the English botanist Ernest Wilson in the province of Sichuan ( China ), on dry granite slopes of mountains among grasses and low bushes at an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level. The bulbs of a regal lily sent by E. Wilson to England and the USA bloomed in 1905. White flowers of a classical tubular form, strong aroma , plentiful fruiting, resistance to diseases attracted the attention of flower growers to it. It became a stimulus for the revival of interest in the culture of lilies and the expansion of work on their selection and hybridization [9] . Currently, the regal lily is one of the most widespread lilies in culture, as well as one of the ancestors of modern varieties of the Trumpet Hybrids grouped in the group [10] . The first hybrids of tubular lilies with the participation of regal lilies were obtained as early as the 1920s ( Lilium Γ imperiale , Lilium Γ sulphurgale , Lilium Γ centigale ) [9] .
Spread
Endemic of the Minjiang River Valley in the western part of the Chinese province of Sichuan . It occurs at altitudes of 800-2500 meters above sea level. Stony slopes, shores of water bodies [8] .
Biological description
The bulb is rounded-conical, white-pink, it rapidly darkens in the air and becomes purple-violet; up to 15 cm in diameter, with powerful perennial podlukovichnymi roots [6] .
Plant height from 50 [8] to 250 cm [6] .
Stems are relatively thin, but very strong, densely leafy, dark green.
The leaves are numerous, leathery, dark green, narrow, arranged in a regular manner. At the base of the stem reach 15 cm in length.
Inflorescence racemes, dense, bears 5-15 (30) flowers.
Funnel-shaped flowers 10-15 cm in diameter, white with a yellow center, the outer side of the petals with a pink-purple shade. The aroma is strong.
Blossoms from the second half of July 12-18 days.
In culture
In culture since 1910, when Wilson transported about 7,000 bulbs to Massachusetts . This species spread first in America, and after the First World War through Holland in Europe.
USDA zones : 3a β 8b [11] .
The bud located in the center of the bulb, from which a new shoot is formed, is laid in May, one year before flowering. Between May and August, young onion scales form in the kidney. Following them, a flowering shoot is laid. From August to November, the rudiments of future stem leaves appear on it. They will start vegetating in the spring of next year. In the bottom of the bulb in the fall formed new roots.
The following year, in the spring, the active growth of flowering shoots begins. At the same time, there is an active growth of the root system β the roots of the bulb and the roots at the base of the flowering shoots. The formation of flowers takes place not in the bulb, but outside of it, on the top of a vegetative flower-bearing shoot. In June, buds appear, and in the second half of July, tubular lilies bloom. After flowering, the old outer scales are gradually exhausted and die. This process of renewal takes place at the plant annually throughout its life.
The influence of adverse factors in the spring-summer period (frost, sharp temperature fluctuations, excessive humidity or lack thereof) can lead to disturbances in the plant development cycle and especially affect the formation of flowers [9] .
For growing choose solar and protected from the wind areas. A prerequisite is good drainage and permeable, loose and nutritious soil. It prefers loamy soils, it is not afraid of the presence of lime, but it becomes shallow and quickly dies on acidic peaty soils if limestone and loam are not added to them in a year or two. Under the roots you can make rotted manure.
The bulb is planted at a depth of 15-25 cm, at a distance of 25 cm in rows and up to 40 cm in between rows. In the north and in central Russia, as well as in areas where the frost is below -15 Β° C, the bulbs need to be sheltered for the winter. A significant disadvantage of the royal lily and its hybrids is the instability to late spring frosts, from which the tops of young shoots with buds and leaves die. The germination of bulbs can be slowed down by artificial shading of the soil and backfilling with snow and sawdust [6] .
Seeds are sown in boxes in February - March and kept at 18β20 Β° C, watering regularly until germination. Seeds germinate in 15-20 days. After the emergence of shoots, the temperature is reduced to 8-12 Β° C. In spring, seedlings are planted in open ground. Also, seeds can be sown in spring directly in open ground, keeping them before sowing at 6-8 Β° C. The first flowering of tubular lilies usually occurs in the second - third year after sowing seeds [9] [12] . They also propagate by independent division of bulbs, by children at the base of the stem and with great success by scales in greenhouses and greenhouses, and even in open ground [6] .
Notes
- β On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the βAPG Systemsβ section of the article βMonocotyledonsβ .
- β Lilium regale on The Plant List
- β Lily family (Liliaceae) // Plant Life / Academician A.L. Takhtadzhyan. - M .: Enlightenment.
- β Chernyaeva E.V. Four seasons of the Russian garden. - OLMA-PRESS Grand, 2003. - 157 p. - ISBN 5-94846-115-7 .
- β Serbina E.N. Bulbous plants in the garden. - M .: OLMA-PRESS Grand, 2002. - 31 p.
- β 1 2 3 4 5 Zalivsky I.L. Lilies - M .: State Publishing House of Rural Literature, 1959. - 112 p.
- β Nikolayenko N.P. Lilies - M .: Ministry of Communal Services of the RSFSR, 1954.
- β 1 2 3 Lilium regale on Flora of China
- β 1 2 3 4 Baranova M. Tubular lilies // In the plant world: Journal. - 2001. - β 11 .
- β Baranova M. Wild-growing lilies // In the world of plants: Journal. - 2003. - β 9-10 .
- β Lilium regale on Dave's Garden site
- β Baranova M. V. Features of lily biology. // Floriculture. - 1980. - β 4 .