Kalisz

Kalisz belongs to the oldest cities of the Kingdom of Poland . Initially, the city was located somewhat further along the Prosna , but since this marshy area was periodically flooded with spring waters , the settlement was moved to its current place ^[1] .

In 1108, Boleslav Krivousty, in a war with his brother Zbigniew , attacked the city and the fortified castle that was with it ^[1] .

In 1227, the city was taken by Daniil Galiitsky.

In the second half of the 13th century, Kalisz was a flourishing industrial city ^[1] .

In 1306, he was completely devastated by the Lithuanian Grand Duke Viteni (in the article of the ESBE it is erroneously indicated as Vitovt ) ^{[1] [2]} .

In 1331, the Kalisz castle was taken by storm by the crusaders , but the city itself remained behind the defenders, largely due to the strong flood of the Prosna River ^[1] .

In 1333, Kalish besieged the Mazovian prince Zemovit II ^[1] .

The Polish king Casimir the Great surrounded the city and the castle with a stone wall, the remains of which have survived to this day ^[1] .

The beginning of the 15th century was a brilliant era of the city, when its seal was applied to treatises with crusaders and others along with the seals of Krakow , Poznan , Sandomierz and other important cities of the kingdom ^[1] .

In 1655, the Swedes took possession of the city, and although a year later they were forced to return it to the Poles, but in ruined form; thereafter, he suffered from epidemics , floods and devastating fires ^[1] .

The city entered military history during the Northern War after the battle that took place on October 18 (29), 1706 (October 19 according to the Swedish calendar) near the city, between the allied Russian-Polish-Saxon troops (commanded by the Saxon Elector and the Polish King Augustus II and Prince A . D. Menshikov ) and the Polish-Swedish corps under the command of General A. Mardefelt ^[3] .

As part of the Kingdom of Poland ( Russian Empire ) was the center of the Kalisz Voivodeship (1816–1837) , the Kalisz Province (1837–1844, 1867–1917); center of the Kalisz Voivodeship (1975-1998).

At the very beginning of the First World War on August 2, 1914, German troops entered the city and subjected it to brutal pogrom , many residents were executed.

The city is located on the Prosna River.

• Zavodce settlement - IX — X centuries - archaeological reserve.
• The ruins of the fortress wall.
• St. Nicholas Cathedral - built in 1253 thanks to Prince Boleslav Pious.
• The Basilica of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin with the miraculous icon of the Holy Family - built in 1353.
• Franciscan Monastery - founded in 1257 by Prince Boleslav Pious and his wife.
• Bernardine Monastery - XV-XVII century with frescoes of the XVIII century.
• The church, formerly owned by the Jesuits, was built for the Jesuits in 1587-1595 by the architect Giovanni Bernardoni .
• Church of St. Wojciech - in the XI century, it was already the center of the Kaleski parish.
• Stone Bridge - a monument of engineering, built in 1824-1825.
• Theater named after Wojciech Boguslavsky .
• Kaliszki Park is the oldest city park in Poland.

• Wojciechowski, Stanislav (president) (1869-1953) - Polish politician, president of Poland in 1922-1926.
• Bartsikovsky, Stanislav (c. 1832 — after 1897) - Polish artist.
• Rogozinsky-Scholz, Stefan (1861–1896) - Polish traveler, African explorer, writer.
• Yanishevsky, Leon (1810-1861) - Polish poet and prose writer.

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  Town Hall

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• Kalish Yearbook
• Corollant
• Battle of Kalisz

• Kalisz, city // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

• The defeat of the city of Kalisha .