The 732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment is a formation ( military unit , anti-aircraft artillery regiment ) of the air defense forces of the USSR armed forces in the Great Patriotic War .
732th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment 732 zenap | |
Troops: | air defense |
Type of army: | flak |
Formation: | April 9, 1941 |
Successor: | 108th anti-aircraft missile regiment |
Fighting way | |
1941: Defense of Tula 1944: Brest 1945: Lodz |
The abbreviated name is 732 zenap .
Content
History
Formation
The regiment was formed from April 9, 1941 in the city of Tula . On this day, a division consisting of 151 men under the command of captain Valentin Ivanovich Pakhomovsky arrived from the city of Bronnitsy, Moscow Region. Having settled in the offices and rooms of the railway club, Pakhomovsky assembled a regiment at the expense of the private soldiers and commanders who arrived from the units and schools, as well as at the expense of recruits , mainly Tula.
In the fall of 1941, the regiment consisted of a headquarters , three divisions (76 guns ) and a searchlight battalion . The regiment was armed with 85-mm anti-aircraft guns of the 1939 model with PUAZO- 3. Later another anti-aircraft gun battalion was formed. From the moment of entering the army he was in Tula , he was part of the Moscow air defense zone.
At the Tula line
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Scheme of the combat route of the 732nd anti-aircraft artillery regiment of 1941-45. |
The battle account in the regiment was opened by the 6th battery ( Senior Lieutenant Mikhail Zaitsev) on September 27, 1941. On September 26, the 6th battery left for the area of the mining village Bolokhovo (Tula region), where it took up the firing position. On September 27, in the afternoon, 9 Luftwaffe bombers , accompanied by fighter jets, were found flying over the course of the battery, heading for Moscow. Opening fire on German aircraft, the anti-aircraft gunners shot down one of them. In response, two fighters separated from the main group and fired the battery from the air. By evening, the anti-aircraft gunners changed their position, and on the morning of the next day, two Heinkel 111 bombers struck a bombing attack on the old firing position. When the bombers dropped their bombs, the battery returned fire and shot down another aircraft.
The regiment played a major role in the defense of the long approaches to Moscow and the defense of the city of Tula . The defense of Tula was entrusted to the 50th army of the Bryansk Front , which included the 732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment. In October, Major Bondarenko Mikhail Trofimovich was appointed regiment commander.
After the failure of the Oryol-Bryansk defensive operation on October 5, units of the Wehrmacht occupied Orel , then Mtsensk , creating a real threat of tanks and motorized infantry breaking through to Tula. In addition to fighting air targets, in the current situation, the regiment was tasked with being ready to fight tanks. The personnel prepared to conduct direct fire at tanks and infantry.
At the same time, German air strikes on the city intensified. On October 5, five anti-aircraft batteries of the 1st division and one small anti-aircraft artillery battery reflected a massive raid on Tula. Three U-87s managed to drop bombs on Moskovsky railway station , and one of them hit the railway club where the regiment's headquarters were located. Fragments killed and wounded several personnel, the premises were badly damaged.
On October 18, 1941, the 3rd Division of the regiment drove to the air defense of Stalingrad .
On October 22, the commander of the Moscow air defense zone, General M. S. Gromadin, ordered to put in combat readiness all air defense weapons to repel the ground enemy. On October 26, a state of siege was declared in Tula.
Calculation of the 85-mm anti-aircraft gun 52-K 6th battery of the 732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment at the defense lines of the city of Tula, October 1941 .
The commander of the 732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment, lieutenant colonel M. T. Bondarenko (left) and the military commissar of the regiment, senior battalion commissar G. I. Morozkin. Tula, October-November 1941.
85-mm anti-aircraft gun 52-K of the 6th battery on the Proletarsky bridge in Tula. October 1941.
By decision of the State Defense Committee of October 27, the Tula Worker Regiment (left) and the 156th NKVD (right) regiment were sent to cover Tula from the Orel highway, which were supported by anti-aircraft artillery from the 732rd air defense regiment [1] .
From October 30 to November 1, two tank divisions (about 100 tanks in the first echelon ) and one infantry brigade of the enemy tried to seize the city of Tula, delivering the main attacks on Orlovskoye Highway, Rogozhinsky Village and Voronezh Highway. By this time only part of the troops of the 50th Army managed to retreat to Tula. The 69th brigade of the NKVD troops for the protection of particularly important industrial enterprises (the 156th regiment) and subordinated brigade units of the garrison (732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment of the air defense) and the militia ( Tula workers regiment ) under the command of I.Ya. Kravchenko assumed the first hit and managed to keep the defense until reinforcements.
After the creation of the Venevsky military site, the 16th battery of Lieutenant Zelyanin was transferred from Tula to strengthen his defense. The battery entered the battle on the road, November 22, was attacked four times from the air, while shooting down two enemy aircraft. Having taken firing positions on the southern outskirts of Venev, anti-aircraft gunners fired simultaneously at ground and air targets: during the battles on November 23 and 24, three German planes were shot down and 6 tanks were shot down. In these battles, almost all calculations of the battery died: of the 66 people, only 6 people survived.
For their courage, bravery and heroism in the defense of Tula, 45 soldiers and officers of the regiment were awarded government awards. The platoon commander of the 6th battery, Lieutenant G. M. Volnansky and the Red Army soldier I. I. Bespalov, who destroyed 14 enemy tanks, were posthumously awarded the Orders of Lenin . The regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel M. T. Bondarenko , the commissar — the battalion commissar G. I. Morozkin, the chief of staff, major A. A. Kiselev, lieutenant M. N. Zaitsev, political instructor M. I. Sizov were awarded orders of the Red Banner . Orders of the Red Star were awarded to sergeants Kochenov, Nikitenko, Red Army Volokitkin and others [2] .
In the rear of Tula
After the Soviet counter-offensive near Moscow, the 732nd anti-aircraft artillery regiment was left in the rear for the air defense of the city of Tula. In April 1942, replenishment came to the regiment - about 800–900 volunteer girls.
In May-June 1942, the 9th battery of the regiment traveled to the defense of Gorbachevo Station ( Plavsky District of the Tula Region ), which was located approximately 30 km from the front line and was subjected to massive air raids by the enemy. Together with the 72nd armored train , which defended the station before that, the 9th battery regularly fought with German aircraft. In total, in 1942, with the participation of the girls of the 9th battery, the regiment shot down 14 enemy aircraft.
From February to April 1943, the 5th battery of the regiment traveled to the defense of Uzlovaya Station, an important railway junction, reflecting the numerous raids by enemy aircraft. Many girls of the 5th battery were awarded with military awards.
In 1943, German bombers in large groups launched raids on cities in the Soviet rear, which are of strategic importance. In Tula, the regiment's anti-aircraft batteries almost daily in the evening and at night had to conduct a powerful barrage.
To the west
In connection with the successful advance of the Soviet troops to the west, on July 26, 1944, the regiment was redeployed from Tula to Brest (now Belorussia ). The command post of the regiment was located in the Brest Fortress . From August 7, 1944 to March 8, 1945, the 732nd anti-aircraft regiment was part of the 5th Corps of the Northern Air Defense Front , provided air defense of the city of Brest, airfields , a railway bridge across the Western Bug, communications of the advancing troops of the 1st Belorussian Front and other important strategic facilities. As part of the anti-aircraft artillery regiment was sent to the city of Poznan (Poland) to protect the airport.
On March 16, 1945, the regiment was relocated to the city of Lodz ( Poland ). The regiment projectors participated in forcing the Oder . Until the end of the war, the 732nd anti-aircraft artillery regiment defended the textile industry in Poland.
Post-war years
In the postwar years, the regiment was renamed the 108th anti-aircraft missile regiment and since 1949 it has been stationed near Voronezh .
Commanders
- Captain Pakhomovskiy Valentin Ivanovich
- Major Bondarenko Mikhail Trofimovich
Distinguished Regimental Warriors
- Volnansky, Grigory Matveyevich - platoon commander of the 6th battery ( Order of Lenin , posthumously)
Memory
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Exposition in the museum 108 spr. | |
In the museum 108 spr. |
In November 1966, in memory of the battles of the 732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment and the 156th NKVD regiment in Tula, at the intersection of Lenin Avenue and ul. Tsiolkovsky installed anti-aircraft gun , and at the corner of st. Staronikitskoy and st. Defense - ZIS-3 .
In the secondary school number 33 of the city of Tula there is a school museum of the 732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment.
Notes
- ↑ Tula defensive operation. (inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is February 11, 2014. Archived May 1, 2013.
- ↑ From the memoirs of the former commander of the 732th anti-aircraft and artillery regiment of the air defense, M. T. Bondarenko, “The anti-aircraft gunners are firing” // Battle for Tula . - 3rd ed . - pp. 62-76 . Archived February 22, 2014. Archived copy of February 22, 2014 on Wayback Machine
Documents
- Extract from the combat log of the 732th anti-aircraft artillery regiment of the air defense . Portal of Tula and the Tula Region (Not earlier than November 4, 1941). The date of circulation is September 17, 2012. Archived October 31, 2012. with reference to: Archive of the USSR Ministry of Defense, f. 732 ZAP air defense, op. 169367, d. 8, ll. 16-17.
Literature
- Bondarenko M. T. The anti-aircraft gunners are firing / / Battle for Tula. - Ed. 3rd - 1957. - pp. 62-76.
- A group of authors. The fighting air defense forces in the main directions of the onset of the Nazi invaders in the summer and autumn of 1941 // Army Air Defense Forces. Historical essay. - M .: Military publishing house, 1968.
Links
- 732th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment / Lebedyan 1941-1945 . www.lebedyan.com. The date of circulation is September 17, 2012. Archived October 31, 2012.
- Battle Path 732 of the Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment . MBOU-SOSH number 33. The date of circulation is September 17, 2012. Archived October 31, 2012.
- Tulyaki and years - They fought for Tula (photo) . Site "Tula of the past century." The date of circulation is September 17, 2012. Archived October 31, 2012.
- By the 68th anniversary of the defense of Tula . Tula gingerbread (October 22, 2009). The appeal date is July 1, 2012. Archived October 6, 2012.