OJSC Plant "Radical" (formerly Kiev Chemical Plant ; " Plant number 1000 "; " factory of mineral fertilizers ") - a plant for the production of chemicals that has ceased operations, located in the Dneprovsky District (Krasnotkatskaya St., 61) of Kiev.
| Radical Plant | |
|---|---|
| Type of | Open Joint Stock Company |
| Year of foundation | 1952 |
| Year of closure | 1996 |
| Location |  USSR →  Ukraine , Kiev st. Krasnotkatskaya, 61 |
| Industry | chemical industry |
| Products | chemicals |
Content
History
1949 - 1991
The construction of the plant began in 1949 .
In December 1951, the chemical plant began operation and in 1954 was fully commissioned. He was among the leading enterprises of the chemical industry of the USSR [1] . At that time, the plant was located on the outskirts of the city [2] , but as a result of the development and expansion of Kiev in the 1970s, it was in the city [3] .
The plant produced chlorine , bertolet salt , caustic soda , rubber, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, foam rubber, DDT , etc., both for the USSR internal needs and for export.
At the same time, chlorine and caustic soda were obtained by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a mercury cathode (requiring the use of a significant amount of mercury in the process) [4] .
In 1987, a comprehensive program for the technical re-equipment of the enterprise was developed; by the beginning of the 1990s, it was partially implemented [3] .
After 1991
After the declaration of independence of Ukraine, the economic crisis, the severance of economic ties and a decrease in demand for the plant’s products complicated the position of the enterprise.
In 1992, the plant was the last time an environmental impact assessment [5] .
In 1994, the state-owned plant was privatized and transformed into an open joint-stock company (BAT Radikal) [2] . Following this, the plant was divided into one and a half dozen companies producing products in demand [6] .
In the period before the shutdown of production in 1996, the plant was the only enterprise in Ukraine capable of producing certain types of synthetic materials (in particular, polyurethane foam, bertolet salt, hermobutyl, chemical plant protection products, etc.) [7] .
On July 15, 1996, the plant ceased operation, and the bankruptcy of the enterprise began. From 1996 to 1998, all types of production were stopped without complying with the relevant standards and carrying out the necessary routine work, hazardous chemicals were left at the enterprise in violation of legal requirements and without protection [2] .
By the decision of the Arbitration Court of Kiev dated August 4, 2000, OJSC "Radical" was declared bankrupt and the liquidation procedure began in relation to the plant [2] .
During the inspection of the state of the enterprise in 1998, it was found that 134.6 tons of mercury, 109 tons of sulfuric acid, 44 tons of mercury sludge, 62 tons of hydrochloric acid, 12.5 tons of ammonia and about 2500 tons of other waste were stored on 60 hectares of the plant’s territory. [3] [8] .
In September 2000, the Ukrainian government adopted a nationwide toxic waste management program, which provided for the rehabilitation and purification of the territory of the Radikal plant contaminated with mercury waste in 2000–2003, the cost of work was estimated at 2 million hryvnia [9] .
In September and December 2000, when cutting factory equipment for scrap at the enterprise, three times a fire occurred [10] . By 2001, as a result of the emergency condition of plant equipment and the continued plundering of non-ferrous metals, hazardous chemicals and wastes were leaking into the soil [11] (in October 2001, a particularly large leak of several tens of tons of mercury occurred [12] ). After allocating funds from the State Environmental Protection Fund for the elimination of surface contamination by mercury in the territory of the Radikal plant, in October 2001, the rescue team of the Emergencies Ministry of Ukraine in Kharkiv began work on draining mercury from electrolyzers and traps, as well as collecting mercury-containing sludge in premises of the electrolysis shop [5] . By November 17, 2001, 100 tons of mercury and 80 tons of slags containing mercury were collected at the plant, which were sent to the Nikitovsky mercury plant in Gorlovka for processing [13] .
On February 1, 2002, the decision of the Economic Court of Kiev in case No. 24/142 of Radikal OJSC was recognized as a particularly dangerous chemical industry enterprise [3] .
By the end of March 2002, 117 t of oleum, 109 t of sulfuric and 62 t of hydrochloric acid, 44 t of mercury-containing sludge, 12.55 t of ammonia, 486 t of saline sludge, 3,192 kg of solid radioactive waste and 2,500 t of other industrial waste and chemicals [6] . From 2002 to the beginning of 2009, work on the removal and disposal of waste was not carried out due to lack of funding [14] .
Until May 2009, 120 tons of mercury were collected and removed from the plant’s territory (however, the amount of mercury remaining in soils was estimated at around 200 tons) [8] .
On February 26, 2010, a land plot of 3.95 hectares of factory territory was transferred to the Zhitloinvestbud-UCB utility for permanent use, for example, it was decided to use 1.45 hectares for housing development [15] .
On November 3, 2011, the chairman of the Kiev City State Administration, Alexander Popov, announced that an industrial zone would be created on the site of the Radon, Radikal and Zapad factories in Kiev after cleaning their territory of hazardous substances and waste [16] . On the same day, Emergencies Minister Viktor Baloga reported that about 200 tons of metal structures contaminated with mercury remained at the Radikal plant and estimated the cost of cleaning the plant’s territory at 160 million hryvnias [17] .
In the spring of 2012, part of the factory premises was in dilapidated condition, others were partially rebuilt and leased. In total, about 40 companies and companies were working at the plant at that time, including service stations, paint manufacturing companies, selling household appliances, car tires, companies engaged in cargo transportation, offices and warehouses [1] .
In October 2012, the Israeli company "SI Group Consort Ltd" exported 4.4 tons of organochlorine production wastes for disposal in Poland [18] . The cost of transportation of this party amounted to 121.5 thousand hryvnia. On July 1, 2013, another 900 thousand hryvnia was allocated for the continuation of the program [19] .
See also
- Mercury poisoning
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 New life of Soviet plants: on the "Radical" next to the mercury - service stations and varnishes // "Segodnya.UA" from April 21, 2012
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ministry of Emergency Situations confirms the presence of hazardous chemicals at an abandoned plant in Kiev // "Korrespondent.NET" dated May 14, 2009
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Natalia Balandyuk. Radical risk // "Mirror of the week" dated April 4, 2003
- ↑ In winter, the Radical plant is safer for Kiev residents than in the summer // Details.UA of January 24, 2012
- ↑ 1 2 600 thousand cost Kiev ecological disaster at the plant "Radikal" // "Correspondent. NET" from October 22, 2001
- ↑ 1 2 Chemicals in cars on the capital's Radikal, and tons of radiation! // newspaper "Today", No. 70 (1118) of March 29, 2002
- ↑ Victoria Milyuta. Toxic waste will be removed from the Radical plant // UNN of October 16, 2012
- ↑ 1 2 Media: There is about 200 kg of mercury in the open-air Kiev plant // "The .NET Correspondent" dated May 13, 2009
- ↑ Law of Ukraine No. 1947-III від 14 Вересня 2000 р. “About the Zagalnaya rezavna program with toxic toxic benefits”
- ↑ Set fire to the plant ... with a gas cutter // Segodnya newspaper, No. 238 (739) dated December 15, 2000
- ↑ Mercury wanders from Kiev to Donetsk // Segodnya newspaper, No. 239 (991) dated October 24, 2001
- ↑ Tens of tons of mercury spilled a hundred meters from Kiev // "Details.UA" of October 18, 2001
- ↑ 100 tons of mercury collected at the Kiev Radikal // Correspondent.NET of November 17, 2001
- ↑ Kiev’s nemakoshih tidy pour the mercury // " Details.UA " from May 10, 2009
- ↑ The city council transferred the territory of the Radikal plant to housing // Korrespondent.NET, March 1, 2010
- ↑ A business will develop at the site of hazardous waste plants - A.Popov // UNN of November 3, 2011
- ↑ Mercury and beryllium will be taken out of the Kiev plant "Radical" for 3 years // UNN from November 3, 2011
- ↑ Taras Deynega. 4.4 tons of organochlorine waste were removed from Kiev for subsequent disposal in Poland // UNN of October 19, 2012
- ↑ Elena Kapustyan. 900 thousand UAH were allocated in Kiev to clean the Radical plant from chlorine-containing waste // UNN of July 1, 2013