Schenyatev, Peter Mikhailovich

The eldest son of the Moscow boyar and governor of Prince Mikhail Danilovich Schenyatev (d. 1534 ) and the grandson of the famous Moscow governor of Ivan III Prince Daniil Vasilyevich Scheni-Patrikeev (d. 1519 ) ^[1] . The puppies were descended from the Lithuanian service princes Patrikeev , who switched to the service of the great princes of Moscow in 1408 . The princes of the Patrikeevs descended from Prince Patrikey Narimuntovich Starodubsky , the grandson of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas ( 1316 - 1341 ). Pyotr Schenyatev had a younger brother Vasily Mikhailovich Schenyatev (d. 1547 ), a Moscow boyar and voivode who died without leaving offspring and a sister who became the wife of Ivan Fedorovich Belsky , whose son married the deceased Ivan Yakovlevich Zakharyin, granddaughter of Tsarina Anastasia’s grandmother Zakharyina .

During the childhood of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Ivan IV Vasilievich ( 1538 - 1547 ), a fierce struggle for power took place between various large boyar groups. In 1538, after the death of the regent, Elena Glinsky , princes, brothers Vasily and Ivan Vasilievich Shuisky seized power at the court. Against them came the princes of Belsky. Prince Peter Mikhailovich Shchenyatev was a supporter of the boyar group of Prince Ivan Fedorovich Belsky (d. 1542 ), who in 1540 was released from prison and took the main position in the boyar’s Duma.

On January 3, 1542, Boyar Prince Ivan Vasilievich Shuisky organized a coup in Moscow, as a result of which Prince Ivan Fedorovich Belsky was arrested and sent to Beloozero, where he was executed in May. Relatives and supporters of Ivan Belsky were also sent into exile. Prince Peter Schenyatev was exiled to Yaroslavl .

In 1544 he was released from exile and returned to service. In December 1544, Peter Schenyatev, together with the princes Konstantin Ivanovich Kurlyatev and Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky, commanded the army on the “shore” (on the banks of the Oka River), protecting the southern Russian borders from Crimean raids. During the invasion of Tsarevich Emin-Girey, the governors engaged in local disputes and did not oppose the Crimean Tatars, who ruined Odoevsky and Belevsky places.

In 1546, Peter Mikhailovich Schenyatev was appointed governor in Kargopol . In 1548, Peter Schenyatev, together with Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Troekurov, stood with regiments in Murom , preparing to repel the expected Nogai raid. The following 1549 was granted the boyar.

In December 1549 - February 1550, the boyar Prince Peter Schenyatev participated in the second unsuccessful campaign of the Russian Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich to the Kazan Khanate . In February 1550, the Russian army besieged Kazan , but could not take it by storm and, after eleven days of the siege, turned back due to adverse weather conditions.

On May 31, 1550, Pyotr Mikhailovich Shchenyatev was a friend at the wedding of the prince Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky ( 1533 - 1569 ), a cousin of Tsar Ivan the Terrible , with Evdokia Alexandrovna Naga.

In July 1550, Pyotr Schenyatev participated in the tsarist campaign “according to the Crimean news” in Kolomna. Tsar Ivan the Terrible left Peter Schenyatev in Kolomna with Prince Dmitry Fyodorovich Belsky, governor of a large regiment. In autumn, the princes Pyotr Schenyatev and Semyon Ivanovich Mikulinsky stood at Nikola Zaraysky in the Ryazan region, and then moved to Ryazan , waiting for the attack of the Crimean Khan. Instead of the Crimean Khan, the Nogai Murza invaded the South Russian possessions, which began to ravage the surroundings of Meshchera and Old Ryazan. The Russian governors who arrived from Ryazan, Nikola Zaraisky and Elatma defeated the Nogai “corrals”. Many Nogais froze during heavy snow and severe frosts. The Russian governors pursued the Nogais to the “Shatsky Gate”. Only two Murza with a small detachment were able to return to the steppes. After the campaign was completed, the voivode (including Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Schenyatev) arrived in Moscow, where Tsar Ivan the Terrible granted the governor and children of the boyars “a great salary”, and treated them in his embankment in the Kremlin.

In May 1551, Princes Pyotr Mikhailovich Shchenyatev and Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbsky stood with Nikolai Zaraisky with a right-hand regiment. After deciding on a new campaign in Kazan, the princes Schenyatev and Kurbsky arrived with their regiment in Kashira .

June 21, 1552 in Kolomna, where the king was, the news was received that the Crimean Khan Devlet I Girey ( 1551 - 1577 ) with the Tatar horde invaded South Russian possessions and besieged Tula. The king ordered his governors with regiments to speak out against the Crimean horde. From Kashira princes Pyotr Schenyatev and Andrei Kurbsky came out, from Rostislav Ryazansky — the advanced regiment of princes Ivan Turuntai-Pronsky and Dmitry Khilkov , from the village of Kolychov (near Kolomna) part of a large regiment under the command of Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky . Following the voivode, the tsar himself was preparing to come out with the main forces against the Crimean Khan.

On June 22, the Crimean Khan Devlet-Girey besieged the city of Tula and began to shell it from artillery. Tula governor Prince Grigory Ivanovich Temkin-Rostovsky repelled enemy attacks. Upon learning of the approach of the great Russian rati to Tula, the Crimean Khan Devlet-Girey lifted the siege on the night of June 24 and began to retreat in the steppe. Princes Peter Schenyatev and Andrei Kurbsky , the first to approach Tula , did not find the main forces of the horde and fought with small pens scattered for robbery in the surrounding area.

On July 3, 1552, the Russian army, under the command of the tsar, marched through the Murom and Sviyazhsk to the Kazan Khanate . Princes Pyotr Mikhailovich Schenyatev and Ivan Fedorovich Mstislavsky with regiments were sent in pursuit of the Tatar horde, caught up and defeated the Crimean detachments on the Shivoroni river, and then came to Sviyazhsk through the Ryazan and Meshchersky lands, protecting the tsar’s army from a possible attack from the Tatars from the side of the Volga.

In August 1552, Princes P. M. Schenyatev and A. M. Kurbsky, at the head of the right-hand regiment (18 thousand people), participated in the siege and capture of Kazan by the Russian troops.

In the winter of 1553, during the dangerous illness of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, a struggle for power began between different boyar groups. The sick king himself ordered the boyars and other dignitaries to be sworn allegiance to their young son, Tsarevich Dmitry. But among the Moscow nobility there were supporters of the specific prince Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky. Among them was the boyar Prince Peter Mikhailovich Schenyatev. Boyarin Ivan Petrovich Fedorov informed the tsar that the princes Pyotr Schenyatev, Ivan Turuntai-Pronsky and Semyon Rostovsky told him: “we must own Zakharyin.” At first, Peter Schenyatev refused to take the oath of allegiance to Tsarevich Dmitry, but then was forced to do so.

In June 1553, during the new Tsarist campaign in Kolomna, Prince Peter Mikhailovich Schenyatev was appointed the first governor of the advanced regiment. Princes Pyotr Schenyatev and Dmitry Khilkov with an advanced regiment stood at Nikola Zaraysky , protecting the South Russian borders from Tatar raids.

In June 1555, Tsar Ivan the Terrible with a Russian army stood in Serpukhov , awaiting the attack of the Crimean Khan. Among the Moscow boyars and the governor, accompanying the tsar, was Prince Peter Mikhailovich Schenyatev.

In November 1555, princes Peter Mikhailovich Schenyatev and Dmitry Fedorovich Paletsky were appointed governors of the Big Regiment (commanders in chief) in the campaign of the Russian rati against Sweden. In December 1555, governors Petr Mikhailovich Schenyatev and Dmitry Fedorovich Paletsky set out on a campaign from Novgorod to Swedish possessions in Finland , burned the town of Kiven in the vicinity of Vyborg and defeated the Swedish army.

In the fall of 1556, according to Crimean news, princes Peter Schenyatev and Dmitry Khilkov stood in Kaluga with a regiment of their right hand. Then Peter Schenyatev with the same regiment stood in Kashira , where Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbsky was his deputy. In the spring of 1557, Pyotr Schenyatev was appointed the first governor of the guard regiment in Kolomna. His deputy was again Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Khilkov .

In 1559 - 1560, the boyar Prince Peter Schenyatev was the first governor in Sviyazhsk , where under his command there were governors Dmitry Mikhailovich Plescheev , Ivan Matveevich Bulgakov , Prince Mikhail Andreyevich Priimkov-Rostovsky and Prince Peter Borisovich Romodanovsky .

In 1562 he was the first governor in Dorogobuzh . During the Tsar’s campaign in Polotsk, the boyar, Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Schenyatev, was the second governor of the guard regiment. In February 1563, after the capture of Polotsk and the flight of Prince Andrei Kurbsky to Lithuania, P. Schenyatev was left as governor in a guard regiment. After the tsar returned from Polotsk to Moscow, Pyotr Mikhailovich Shchenyatev was sent at the head of a large regiment to Tula .

In November 1562, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund August sent an embassy to Moscow to negotiate with Metropolitan Macarius and the boyars. During the negotiations between Metropolitan Makarii and the Lithuanian ambassadors, Pyotr Mikhailovich Shchenyatev was named the first among all the negotiating boyars. In December 1563, a new Polish-Lithuanian embassy arrived in Moscow to negotiate with Tsar Ivan the Terrible . Peter Schenyatev again participated in negotiations with ambassadors.

In 1564, Tsar Ivan Vasilievich left Moscow for the Alexander Sloboda , which he elected as his new residence. Several noble boyars were left as hostages in the Sloboda, among them was Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Schenyatev. In the same 1564, Pyotr Schenyatev was the first governor in Polotsk .

In October 1564, the Polish-Lithuanian army approached Polotsk and besieged the city. The great Lithuanian hetman Nikolai Radziwill Ryzhiy turned to the governor of Polotsk Prince Pyotr Schenyatev, offering him to surrender the city voluntarily. However, Peter Mikhailovich Schenyatev refused to surrender the city and ordered to open fire from artillery against the enemy army, causing him significant damage.

In 1565, Tsar Ivan the Terrible divided the state into oprichnina and zemstvos . The persecution and executions of famous and prominent boyars, governor and princes began. Prince Boyar Pyotr Mikhailovich Schenyatev did not join the oprichnina, but became one of the leaders of the Zemstvo.

In the same 1565, Prince Peter Schenyatev and other governors stood with the Russian army in Rzhev on the Lithuanian border.

In the fall of 1565, according to the Crimean news, Prince Peter Schenyatev, along with the princes Ivan Dmitrievich Belsky and Ivan Fedorovich Mstislavsky , led the Russian rati, spoke at Kolomna . Peter Schenyatev was the first governor of the advanced regiment. During the campaign, a local dispute arose between the princes Ivan Andreevich Shuisky and Peter Mikhailovich Schenyatev, the first refused to recognize the seniority of the second. At this time, the Crimean Khan Devlet-Girey with the Tatar horde burst into the southern Russian possessions and besieged Bolkhov . Prince Petr Schenyatev and Boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Menshoy Sheremetev, governors of the advanced regiment, managed to send military detachments to help the Bolkhov governor Prince Ivan Andreevich Schepin-Obolensky, who made a successful sortie and did not allow the Crimeans to burn the landing.

In 1568, Prince Peter M. Schenyatev, fearing persecution by the tsar, retired from the political scene and tonsured monks under the name Pimen in the Nerotsky Monastery. However, the monastic tonsure did not save the prince from revenge on the part of Ivan the Terrible .

In 1568, by order of the tsar, Pyotr Mikhailovich Schenyatev was captured and subjected to severe torture, after which he died. His wife and son, according to Andrei Kurbsky, were also executed. The Livonian knights Taube and Kruse, who served in the tsar’s tsar’s oprichnina army and participated in many of Grozny’s punitive campaigns, reported that Prince Peter Schenyatev was spotted by royal order. Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbsky , a former royal favorite who participated in many military campaigns with Peter Schenyatev and fled to Lithuania in 1564 , mentioned the murder of Peter Schenyatev in his History of the Great Prince of Moscow.

“The packs were killed by Prince Peter ,” we read in “The History of the Grand Duke of Moscow ,” the verb Shenyatev, the grandson of the prince of Lithuania Patricius: my husband was very noble and rich, and, leaving all his wealth and much acquisitions, he arbitrated, and non-possessive, Christ mimetic he loved residence; but even there, the tormentor tormented him, in an iron pan with the fire of a kindled battle and for the nails of a needle. And he died in the blue torment ”.

Tsar Ivan the Terrible entered the name of Prince Peter Mikhailovich Shchenyatev in a special synodic (a list of his victims) and sent 500 rubles to the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery.

• Prince A.M. Kurbsky. The Tale of the Grand Duke of Moscow

• V. Korsakova.,. Schenyatev, Peter Mikhailovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich (1766-1826) “History of the Russian State”, Volume 8, p. 44, 45, 89–92, 94, 101, 126, 151; Volume 9, pp. 45, 59.
• Soloviev Sergey Mikhailovich (1820–1879) “History of Russia from Ancient Times”, Volume 6, pp. 43, 74, 186, 227, and 261.