Count (since 1726) Karl Gustav Lövenwolde ( German: Karl Gustav von Löwenwolde ; d. April 30, 1735 , Rappin Manor) - Russian diplomat from the Ostseen noble clan Löwenwolde , organizer and first commander of the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment in the rank of "Colonel and Guard Adjutant General ” , one of the most influential courtiers at the beginning of the reign of Anna Ioannovna , Ober-Stalmeister (1732).
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Biography
Career start
Karl Gustav Loewenwolde is the eldest of the three sons of Gerhard Johann Loewenwolde († 1721), the captive potential of Peter I in Livonia and Estland (1710), and then chief-hofmeister Sophia-Charlotte , wife of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich . Adjutant General of Peter I, who carried out numerous orders of the Emperor. As the brother of Reinhold Gustav, the favorite of Empress Catherine I, received the count title. Livonia Landrat (1721-1735).
When the Supreme Privy Council decided to invite the widowed Anna Ioannovna to the throne from Courland, limiting her power to “condition”, Karl Gustav Lowenwolde was the first to warn her of imminent danger (on behalf of the younger brother of Reingold Gustav, who, being in the capital, sent a secret to him to Livonia) courier). As Ernst Minich wrote, “this change of government before the form of government could not be so secretive that the chamberlain of the late emperor Count Gustav-Reingold Leuvenvolde, whose elder brother, after being former chief-stalmeister with the empress Anna Ioannovna, then resigned in his villages in Livonia and from a long time ago he was betrayed to the Duchess of Courland. In order to notify this and through him the Empress of this matter as soon as possible, the chamberlain Count Leuvenwolde did not find any other convenient means, except to send his walker in peasant clothes to him with a letter to Livonia. The messenger, having hired a sleigh, soon ripened there, so that the senior count of Loewenwold managed to go to Mitau and arrive there whole days earlier than the deputies. He was the first to announce to the newly elected Empress that she was exalted and notified that his brother had written to him regarding the restriction of the autocracy. At the same time, he gave his advice, so that the Empress, for the first case, wanted to sign the paper that she could easily tear apart, assuring that the nation would not be happy for a long time with the new aristocratic rule and that in Moscow there were already ways to get everything back to normal. After this, having departed, without delay he returned to his villages . "
For this service, immediately upon the accession of Anna to the Russian throne, he was entrusted with the formation of the Izmaylovsky regiment and commanding him with the rank of colonel. This and the Equestrian Regiment formed simultaneously with him were the armed pillar of the new reign. Subsequently, the rank of Colonel of the Izmailovsky Regiment was the Monarch. Lieutenant Colonel of the Izmaylovsky Regiment Lowenwolde invited James Keith. This regiment was served by V.A. Nashchokin, who left memories of his colonel, Karl Gustav Lowenwold.
In Berlin and Vienna
In 1731, Leuvenwolde was appointed plenipotentiary minister in Vienna and Berlin . The empress instructed him to find a suitable groom for her niece Anna Leopoldovna . The diplomat recommended her the candidacy of Margrave Karl of Brandenburg and Prince Anton-Ulrich of Braunschweig . Then, with the assistance of Yaguzhinsky, he achieved the expansion of the already significant privileges of the Ostseen nobility .
At the end of 1732, Leuvenwolde returned to Berlin in order to jointly with the emperor resist the election of the French proteges — Stanislav Leschinsky and Moritz of Saxony — to the Polish and Courlandian thrones. In contrast, they nominated the Portuguese Infant Emanuel and the Prussian Prince Augustus Wilhelm . The Löwenwolde mission came to a standstill when the emperor refused to fix the agreement on paper.
In Warsaw
In March 1733, Leuvenwolde moved to Warsaw to prevent the election of Leschinsky to the throne. As the Russian envoy to the Commonwealth, he was endowed with unprecedented powers up to the right to declare war and peace. When the gentry nevertheless made a choice in favor of Leshchinsky, the Lassi army entered the borders of Poland under the command of Leuvenwolde. The war for the Polish inheritance began . He came into conflict with Minikh , who made attempts to exceed his authority.
At the beginning of 1734, Leuvenwolde conducted negotiations in Vienna with the emperor on the coordination of actions against the Ottoman Empire .
Death
According to V. A. Nashchokin, officer of the Life Guards. Izmailovsky regiment, “in 1735 the chief stalmaster, life guard of the Izmailovsky regiment, colonel, Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew Cavalier, her imperial majesty adjutant general Count von Levenwold, who was plenipotentiary ambassador to Poland and was sent to the cesar; he and the Izmailovsky regiment brought in a hefty regular order and in the best of the other regiments exertion ; for many of his labors, he returned to the state from German regions to St. Petersburg in serious illness and asked the most gracious empress to be released to the village of his Derpt district, to Ryapina Manor. And upon departure, he called on all the headquarters and chief officers, said goodbye to everyone and went in the last state of his health, and upon arrival in his village, as was known, all the house orders, in good order of the same year, in April die . ”
Contemporaries about Karl Gustav's personality
Johann Ernst Minich:
| The personal qualities and qualities of Count Loewenwolde were truly worthy of respect. Beyond a keen and penetrating mind, he had a completely honest heart, was generous, disinterested, and eagerly assisted all those who resorted to it with a just cause or request. He lived very moderately and without splendor. His appearance was important, but not unpleasant, and in a household routine he was found to be cheerful and playful. He did good to his friends, and whoever once came to love him, through slander and slander, he did not soon lose it. But if he once hated whom, he was already completely irreconcilable. |
V. A. Nashchokin :
| Man was of great intelligence, had a penchant for justice; it seemed that he was strict with his subordinates, only not a single person in the regiment was fined by his order, but everyone was in great fear, and a man like that Earl of Levenwold, with fair deeds and zelo with great constancy, with courage, with such high virtues are rarely born perhaps. |
The Spanish ambassador to the Russian court, Duke de Liria :
| A man gifted with abilities, brave, courageous and deceitful. He loved the glory of his sovereign and used the special power of attorney of her majesty; but the Russians hated him for trying to use foreigners everywhere. A terrible player and at the same time a miser, he loved bribes; but, by the way, there was such a person with whom one could consult. |
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Notes
- ↑ Duke of Lyria. Notes on the stay at the Imperial Russian court in the rank of ambassador of the King of Spain // Russia of the XVIII century. through the eyes of foreigners. - L., 1989 .-- S. 252.
Literature
- Russia and the Russian court in the first half of the 18th century: notes and remarks by Count Ernst Minich. - Russian antiquity, 1891.
- Kruzenshtern G. Landmarshals and Landrats of the Livonian and Ezelian chivalry in illustrations. (German) - Hamburg, 1963.
- Brickner A.G. The Russian Court under Peter II. 1727-1730. According to the documents of the Vienna archive. - Herald of Europe, 1896.
- Notes of Manstein on Russia. 1727-1744 . Per. with fr. with vile manuscripts of Manstein and ed. ed. M. I. Semevsky. SPb., 1874
- Comments on “Manstein's Notes on Russia” by an unknown author
- Vladimir Ilyashevich, Marat Gainullin. Baltic people in the Russian diplomatic service. - Tallinn, 2005.
- Korsakova V. Levenwolde, Karl-Gustav // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Nelipovich S. G. Union of double-headed eagles. The Russian-Austrian military alliance of the second quarter of the XVIII century .. - M .: Joint Editorial Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Quadriga, 2010.
- N.I. Pavlenko . Anna Ioannovna: Germans at court. - M., 2002.
- Leo Anisov. Foreigners at the sovereign's court. - M .: Military Publishing House, 2003.
- Malinovsky V. K. Levenwolde - which of them was mentioned by A. S. Pushkin in “History of Peter I”? [1] .
- Malinovsky V. K. “VERITAS VINCIT” - or how to read memoirs " [2] .