Mikhail Fedorovich (d. February 18, 1268 ) - Novgorod posadnik in 1257 - 1268 .
| Mikhail Fedorovich | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Death | February 18, 1268 | ||||||
| Children | Semyon Mikhailovich | ||||||
Affiliation
Mikhail Fedorovich came to Novgorod in 1257 from Ladoga . Then Novgorod Posadnik was given to him when Alexander Nevsky was the Novgorod prince [1] .
Treaty with the Germans
During his posadnichestvo, Mikhail Fedorovich took part with the thousands of Zhiroslav , Prince Alexander Nevsky and his son Dmitry Alexandrovich in negotiations with diplomats from Gotland , Lubeck and German cities. The result of the negotiations was an agreement on peace and trade between them, the main provision of which was not to violate the established rules, if they were on commercial matters - Germans in Novgorod or Novgorodians in German territories [2] . However, the treaty itself was sealed with the seal of Tver Prince Yaroslav Yaroslavich , which was explained by the absence of Prince Alexander in Novgorod, since he was at that time in the Horde [3] , or due to the fact that Prince Yaroslav began to govern Novgorod from November 1263 [4 ] .
Possible dating of this treaty is 1262–1263 [5] . According to V. L. Yanin , the contract could be concluded after a successful campaign of the Novgorodians, led by Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich to Yuryev in the autumn of 1262 [6] , which gives us the upper boundary of dating. 1263 is the lower frontier of chronology that cannot be crossed, since Prince Alexander Nevsky died on November 14, 1263 [7] [8] .
Relations with Yaroslav Tversky
In 1264, Novgorodians, in agreement with the posadnik Mikhail Fedorovich, drove Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich from Novgorod for the reason that the prince was young. The son of a posadnik and the best boyars were sent to Novgorod reign to Yaroslav Alexandrovich Tversky. In the same year (January 27, 1264), the prince took control of Novgorod land [9] . An agreement was concluded with him on behalf of the posadnik, the thousand Kondrat, and on the whole of Novgorod, and the following agreement was also concluded in 1266 (V. L. Yanin believes that the second agreement was also signed in 1264 [10] ). In these agreements, the power of the prince of Novgorod was cut, giving greater power to the posadnik [11] . Now the prince couldn’t decide anything without a posadnik - he could not change officials, could not independently issue letters and judge, could not conclude trade agreements with foreigners and other things [12] .
Battle of Rakovors
In 1268, the Novgorodians organized a campaign against Lithuania , which did not take place because of differences. After that, they took a trip to Estonian land and reached the castle of Rakvere , but returned with some losses. The Novgorodians, along with the posadnik Mikhail Fedorovich, turned to the princes, Dmitry Alexandrovich and Yaroslav Yaroslavich, for help. The latter sent his sons Svyatoslav and Mikhail instead of himself to Novgorod. In addition to the above, several other Old Russian princes and Dovmont Pskovsky took part in the campaign. The military campaign began on January 23, 1268 and ended on February 18, 1268 with a victory over the Germans in the Battle of Rakovors . During this battle, posadnik Mikhail Fedorovich and many other Novgorodians, both boyars and ordinary people, died. The body of the posadnik was buried in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod. At the same time, Pavsha Onanyinich was elected to the posadniks [13] .
Family
- Mikhail Fedorovich
- Semyon Mikhailovich
- Matvey Semenovich
- Semyon Mikhailovich
Notes
- ↑ Novgorod first annals of senior and junior editions / Ed. A.N. Nasonova. - M. — L .: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950. - S. 82, 309.
- ↑ 29. 1262–1263 - The contractual letter of Novgorod with the Gothic coast, Lubeck and German cities about peace and trade // Diplomas of Veliky Novgorod and Pskov / Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences , Leningrad Branch; preparation. to print V. G. Weiman and others; under the editorship of S. N. Valka . M .; L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1949. - S. 56-57.
- ↑ Cherepnin L.V. Russian feudal archives of the XIV — XV centuries. - M.-L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1948. - Part 1. - P. 259.
- ↑ Yanin V. L. Novgorod Posadniks. - M .: Languages of Slavic cultures, 2003. - S. 215.
- ↑ Diplomas of Veliky Novgorod and Pskov / Ed. S. N. Valka. - M. — L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1949. - S. 56.
- ↑ Novgorod first annals of senior and junior editions / Ed. A.N. Nasonova. - M. — L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950. - S. 83, 311-312.
- ↑ Complete collection of Russian chronicles. - L .: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1928. - T. I. Lavrentievsky Chronicle. - Vol. 3. - St. 524.
- ↑ Yanin V. L. Novgorod Posadniks. - M.: Languages of Slavic cultures, 2003. - S. 214.
- ↑ Novgorod first annals of senior and junior editions / Ed. A.N. Nasonova. - M. — L .: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950. - S. 84, 313.
- ↑ Yanin V.L. Novgorod Acts of the XII — XV centuries Chronological commentary. - M .: Nauka, 1990 .-- S. 142-146.
- ↑ Diplomas of Veliky Novgorod and Pskov / Ed. S. N. Valka. - M. — L .: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1949. - S. 9-11.
- ↑ Podvigina N. L. Essays on the socio-economic history of Novgorod the Great in the 12th-13th centuries - M.: Higher School, 1976. - S. 120.
- ↑ Novgorod first annals of senior and junior editions / Ed. A.N. Nasonova. - M. — L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950. - P. 85—87, 315-318.
Literature
- Podvigina N. L. Essays on the socio-economic history of Novgorod the Great in the 12th-13th centuries - M.: Higher School, 1976. - 152 p.
- Cherepnin L.V. Russian feudal archives of the XIV — XV centuries. - M.-L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1948. - Part 1. - 472 p.
- Yanin V.L. Novgorod Acts of the XII — XV centuries Chronological commentary. - M .: Nauka, 1990 .-- 384 p.
- Yanin V.L. Novgorod Posadniks. - M .: Languages of Slavic cultures, 2003. - 512 p.