Scandium isotopes are varieties of the chemical element of scandium with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus . The scandium isotopes with mass numbers from 39 to 61 (the number of protons 21, neutrons from 18 to 40) and 12 nuclear isomers are known .
Natural scandium is a monoisotopic element with the only stable isotope 45 Sc.
The most long-lived artificial isotopes 46 Sc with a half-life of 83.8 days, 47 Sc (3.35 days) and 48 Sc (43.7 hours).
Scandium 44
- Main article: Scandium-44
The half-life of 4 hours. It is a source of positrons in medical diagnostics using positron emission tomography .
Due to the short half-life for producing scandium-44 at the place of use, there are isotopic generators charged with the chemical compound of the titanium-44 isotope. Scandium-44 formed during the decomposition of 44 Ti is periodically washed out chemically.
Scandium isotope table
| Symbol nuclide | Z ( p ) | N ( n ) | Isotope mass [1] ( a.m. ) | Period half-life [2] (T 1/2 ) | Spin and Parity kernels [2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy | |||||
| 36 sc | 21 | 15 | 36.01492 | ||
| 37 sc | 21 | sixteen | 37,00305 | 7 / 2- | |
| 38 Sc | 21 | 17 | 37,99470 | 300 ns | 2- |
| 39 sc | 21 | 18 | 38.984790 | 300 ns | 7 / 2- |
| 40 Sc | 21 | nineteen | 39,977967 | 182.3 ms | four- |
| 41 Sc | 21 | 20 | 40,96925113 | 596.3 ms | 7 / 2- |
| 42 Sc | 21 | 21 | 41,96551643 | 681.3 ms | 0+ |
| 42m Sc | 616.28 keV | 61.7 s | 5+ | ||
| 43 Sc | 21 | 22 | 42.9611507 | 3,891 h | 7 / 2- |
| 43m1 Sc | 151.4 keV | 438 μs | 3/2 + | ||
| 43m2 Sc | 3.1232 MeV | 470 ns | 19 / 2- | ||
| 44 sc | 21 | 23 | 43,9594028 | 3.97 h | 2+ |
| 44m1 Sc | 67.8680 keV | 154.2 ns | one- | ||
| 44m2 Sc | 270.95 keV | 58.61 h | 6+ | ||
| 44m3 Sc | 146,224 keV | 50.4 μs | 0- | ||
| 45 Sc | 21 | 24 | 44,9559119 | stable | 7 / 2- |
| 45m Sc | 12.40 keV | 318 ms | 3/2 + | ||
| 46 Sc | 21 | 25 | 45,9551719 | 83.79 days | 4+ |
| 46m1 Sc | 52.011 keV | 9.4 μs | 6+ | ||
| 46m2 Sc | 142.528 keV | 18.75 s | one- | ||
| 47 sc | 21 | 26 | 46.9524075 | 3.3492 d | 7 / 2- |
| 47m Sc | 766.83 keV | 272 ns | 3/2 + | ||
| 48 sc | 21 | 27 | 47.952231 | 43.67 h | 6+ |
| 49 Sc | 21 | 28 | 48,950024 | 57.2 min | 7 / 2- |
| 50 sc | 21 | 29th | 49.952188 | 102.5 s | 5+ |
| 50m Sc | 256.895 keV | 350 ms | 2+ | ||
| 51 Sc | 21 | thirty | 50,953603 | 12.4 s | 7 / 2- |
| 52 Sc | 21 | 31 | 51.95668 | 8.2 s | 3+ |
| 53 Sc | 21 | 32 | 52,95961 | 3 s | 7 / 2- |
| 54 Sc | 21 | 33 | 53.96326 | 260 ms | 3+ |
| 54m Sc | 110 keV | 7 μs | 5+ | ||
| 55 Sc | 21 | 34 | 54,96824 | 115 ms | 7 / 2- |
| 56 Sc | 21 | 35 | 55.97287 | 35 ms | 1+ |
| 57 Sc | 21 | 36 | 56,97779 | 13 ms | 7 / 2- |
| 58 Sc | 21 | 37 | 57.98371 | 12 ms | 3+ |
| 59 Sc | 21 | 38 | 58,98922 | 10 ms | 7 / 2- |
| 60 sc | 21 | 39 | 59,99571 | 3 ms | 3+ |
| 61 Sc | 21 | 40 | > 360 ns | ||
Notes
- ↑ Data shown for Audi G. , Wapstra AH , Thibault C. The AME2003 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references (Eng.) // Nuclear Physics A. - 2003. - Vol. 729 . - P. 337–676 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.nuclphysa.2003.11.003 . - .
- ↑ 1 2 Data are given for Audi G. , Bersillon O. , Blachot J. , Wapstra AH The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties // Nuclear Physics A. - 2003 .-- T. 729 . - S. 3—128 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 . - .
| one H | 2 He | ||||||||||||||||
| 3 Li | four Be | five B | 6 C | 7 N | eight O | 9 F | ten Ne | ||||||||||
| eleven Na | 12 Mg | 13 Al | 14 Si | 15 P | sixteen S | 17 Cl | 18 Ar | ||||||||||
| nineteen K | 20 Ca | 21 Sc | 22 Ti | 23 V | 24 Cr | 25 Mn | 26 Fe | 27 Co | 28 Ni | 29th Cu | thirty Zn | 31 Ga | 32 Ge | 33 As | 34 Se | 35 Br | 36 Kr |
| 37 Rb | 38 Sr | 39 Y | 40 Zr | 41 Nb | 42 Mo | 43 Tc | 44 Ru | 45 Rh | 46 Pd | 47 Ag | 48 Cd | 49 In | 50 Sn | 51 Sb | 52 Te | 53 I | 54 Xe |
| 55 Cs | 56 Ba | * | 72 Hf | 73 Ta | 74 W | 75 Re | 76 Os | 77 Ir | 78 Pt | 79 Au | 80 Hg | 81 Tl | 82 Pb | 83 Bi | 84 Po | 85 At | 86 Rn |
| 87 Fr | 88 Ra | ** | 104 Rf | 105 Db | 106 Sg | 107 Bh | 108 Hs | 109 Mt | 110 Ds | 111 Rg | 112 Cn | 113 Nh | 114 Fl | 115 Mc | 116 Lv | 117 Ts | 118 Og |
| * | 57 La | 58 Ce | 59 Pr | 60 Nd | 61 Pm | 62 Sm | 63 Eu | 64 Gd | 65 Tb | 66 Dy | 67 Ho | 68 Er | 69 Tm | 70 Yb | 71 Lu |
| ** | 89 Ac | 90 Th | 91 Pa | 92 U | 93 Np | 94 Pu | 95 Am | 96 Cm | 97 Bk | 98 Cf | 99 Es | 100 Fm | 101 Md | 102 No | 103 Lr |