Fabio Colonna ( lat. Fabius Columna ; Italian. Fabio Colonna ; circa 1567 , Naples - 1640 , ibid.) - Italian botanist . One of the first members of the Italian Academy of Sciences .
| Fabio Colonna | |
|---|---|
| lat Fabius Columna ; ital. Fabio colonna | |
 Portrait of 1572 | |
| Date of Birth | about 1567 |
| Place of Birth | Naples , Italy |
| Date of death | 1640 |
| Place of death | Naples , Italy |
He composed interesting comments on the works of Theophrastus , Dioscorides and Pliny , and also added some descriptions to the “Natural History of New Spain” by Francisco Hernandez [1] during the preparation of an expanded edition of the materials of the American expedition of the latter in 1628 [2] [3] .
Content
Sambuca Lincea
The column was fond of the theory of music and played music as an amateur. In line with the attempts of restoration of ancient Greek music typical for humanists of the Renaissance, he developed a project for a special clavichord , on which, in his opinion, music of all kinds of melos could be performed, including “enarmonic” (ie microchromatic ). Colonna described the structure and construction of his clavichord in detail in the treatise Sambuca Lincea (Naples, 1618) - Linkey Sambuca. The adjective “Linkean” (or “Lynch”) in the title of the work refers to the Italian Academy of Sciences , founded in 1603, the noun “ sambuca ” refers to the antique instrument of the same name (triangular in shape).
The Column instrument contained 12 strings per octave . The pitch of each string was controlled by tangents (metal pins with a flat head), connected by a mechanism with numerous keys. In total, there were six manuals (rows of keys) on the outlandish instrument.
To propagate the restored “polyphonic” genera, Colonna (in the same treatise) provides examples of “ chromatic ” and “ enarmonic ” music that he wrote (not seeing a “live” instrument, but based on his “exceptional musicality”) by a Neapolitan composer Ascanio Mayone [4] . Among the examples is “Esempio della circolatione delli gradi enarmonici e chromatici ...” [5] - a simple quarto-fifth sequence , which “is a cadence strung on each other” [6] . Whether the tool was built in reality or only remained in the project is unknown [7] . The experimental microchromatic compositions of the Column (Mayon) did not find a response among contemporaries. The reconstruction of the Linkey Sambuca is in the Paris Museum of Music .
Sambuca and Pentecontachord
In the preface to the (botanical) treatise of the Column of Minus cognitarum stirpium pars altera [8] (Rome, 1616), the publisher’s appeal (Giacomo Mascardi) was published to the reader, in which the publisher announces future publications of the Column, where he writes in particular:
Habebis denique musici, ut vulgo dicitur, instrumenti constructionis rationem, iconem et descriptionem quod auctor noster Lynceam Sambucam a forma, et Pentecontachordon appellat, quia quinquagenis construitur inaequalibus chordis <...> [9]
- Minus cognitarum stirpium pars altera, Typographus lectoris <without page number>
Although Colonna himself in his published texts did not call his fantastic instrument “pentecontachord” [10] , lexicographers of the 19th and early 20th centuries used the second name of the instrument in their articles [11] [12] .
Notes
- ↑ Botany // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. : “In Italy, Columna (Fabius Columna, 1567-1650) made interesting comments on the works of Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny and added some descriptions to the“ Natural History “of Hernandez”
- ↑ Estudos Adicados a Fr. Martín Sarmiento: Artigos Tirados dos Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos (1945-1982) - Instituto de Estudios Gallegos, 1995 .-- P. 536. (Spanish)
- ↑ José Pardo Tomás. Francisco Hernández. Medicina e Historia Natural en el Nuevo Mundo // Los orígenes de la ciencia moderna. Seminario Orotava. Actas XI y XII (2002). - P. 242-243.
- ↑ E però difficile farla la compositione conforme quelli tetrachordi nell 'enarmonico et chromatico <...> Signor Ascanio Maione che senza prattica dell'istromento, per l'eccelenza che tiene nella Musica , à nostra richiesta ha fatto li soscritti conpi haver veduto se noti de tetrachordi (Colonna. Sambuca lincea, p. 92).
- ↑ Colonna. Sambuca lincea, pp. 103-110. Here, circolatione is understood as bypassing the steps of a high- altitude system in a fifth circle .
- ↑ "... in Wahrheit handelt es sich um eine Aneinandersetzung von Kadenzen." For a description of Clavichord Columns and examples of microchromatic music from his treatise, see the book: Cordes ,, Manfred. Nicola Vicentions Enharmonik. Musik mit 31 Tönen. Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 2007 .-- P. 76-79. - ISBN 978-3-201-01884-5 .
- ↑ Ibidem, S.77.
- ↑ Book of little-known plants. Part two.
- ↑ Finally, you will get a calculation of the structure, an image and a description of a musical instrument, as they say, which our author calls (in his form) “Linkey Sambuca” and “Pentecontachord”, because fifty unequal [in length] strings are used in its construction ...
- ↑ Brown, Howard Mayer . Fabio Colonna // The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London, New York, 2001.
- ↑ Pentecontachordon // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ http://www.luthiers-mirecourt.com/jacquot1.htm Pentacontacorde in the Jacquot Dictionary, Dictionnaire des instruments de musique, 1886
Links
- Colonna. La Sambuca lincea (Napoli, 1618; electronic facsimile)
- Barbieri, Patrizio. Enharmonic instruments and music 1470-1900 . - Latina, Italy: Il Levante Libreria Editrice, 2008 .-- P. xii, 616 .-- ISBN 978-88-95203-14-0 .
- Ness, Alexander Renaissance Microtonal Music . nesssoftware.com (2011). Date of treatment November 8, 2012. Archived November 24, 2012.
- Botany // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Pentecontachordon // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- Barbieri P. La sambuca lincea di Fabio Colonna e il tricembalo di Scipione Stella: con notizie sugli strumenti enarmonici del Domenichino // La musica a Napoli durante il Seicento. Naples, 1985.
- Stembridge C. The cimbalo cromatico and other Italian keyboard instruments with nineteen or more divisions to the octave: Surviving specimens and documentary evidence // Performance Practice Review, vi (1993), 33-59.
- Cordes M. Nicola Vicentions Enharmonik. Musik mit 31 Tönen. Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 2007.