Sofia Andreevna Ivanova-Boreisho (nee Ivanova [2] [3] ; October 1856 , Khankendi, Shushensky Uyezd , Shemakha Province , Russian Empire - 1927 , Moscow , USSR ) - Russian revolutionary, populist, member of the Executive Committee of the People’s Will Party .
| Sofia Andreevna Boreisho [1] | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Sofia Andreevna Ivanova |
| Aliases | Vanka, Shushka, Katerina Mikhailovna |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | ur Khan Kendy, Shushensky district, Shemakha province , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | professional revolutionary, typesetter of printing house, public figure. |
| Education | Home and self-education |
| Religion | Orthodoxy |
| The consignment | People's will |
| Main ideas | populism |
Biography
Born in a large family of the commander of one of the units of the 16th Mingrelsky Jäger Regiment [4] of Major Andrei Ivanov. The family had ten children: three girls and seven boys. She was engaged in self-education and a teacher was invited to the house.
In 1872 she left for Moscow. She worked as a dressmaker. In 1874, on the recommendation of the owner of the rented apartment, she got a job in the legal printing house of I.N. Myshkin on Tversky Boulevard as a student of a typesetter. When moving to a new building on Arbat , the printing house began to print prohibited literature. This literature was sent in separate sheets in boxes to Saratov at the disposal of S. Kovalik and P. I. Voinralsky , who distributed them throughout the cities of the Volga. After the arrest of the Saratov populists, the police went to the Moscow printing house of Myshkin.
In 1874, after a search of the printing house, she was arrested. She spent 7 months in custody. One of the brothers achieved release upon bail by the wealthy industrialist and merchant Alexei Ivanovich Khludov (1818–1898).
After her release, she worked as a typesetter in a legal printing house. At this time, his brother, Lev Andreevich Ivanov, was arrested, who was later convicted in the 50 trial . From the Moscow prison he was transferred to Petersburg. She moved to St. Petersburg to have a meeting with him, and found work in one of the legal printing houses.
December 6, 1876 took part in the political Kazan demonstration in St. Petersburg . She was arrested. From January 18 to January 25, 1877, hearings were held in the Special Presence of the Governing Senate, as a result of which, along with the other 20 defendants, she was sentenced, taking into account the former political crime, to a settlement in Siberia . The execution of this sentence was suspended due to the fact that it was brought in another case “on propaganda in the empire” and the investigation was ongoing to conduct the 193 trial from October 18, 1877 to January 23, 1878 . On the totality of crimes she was sentenced to deprivation of certain rights and to a settlement in one of the northern provinces. The place of exile was determined Kem city of the Arkhangelsk province .
In March 1879, with the assistance of local residents, she escaped from the place of exile and arrived in St. Petersburg .
In the direction of the leadership of "Narodnaya Volya", she went to Voronezh to await further instructions. When preparing to leave for St. Petersburg, she was detained by gendarmes, but was soon released due to lack of evidence.
In May 1879, together with A.A. Kvyatkovsky, she was the owner of a safe house in Lesnoy, a suburb of St. Petersburg. In May, she joined the Freedom or Death group, and then the People’s Will party. She became a member of the Executive Committee of the party "Narodnaya Volya".
From September 1879 to January 17, 1880 she was the mistress of the new printing press of the party "Narodnaya Volya" in Sapperny Lane . In January 1880, the printing house was defeated by the police. When arrested, she offered armed resistance.
Participated in the process of 16 , which was held from October 25 to October 30, 1880 in the St. Petersburg Military District Court. By the verdict of the court, she received four years of hard labor. Due to illness, she remained in custody for some time in St. Petersburg, and then was transferred to Moscow, to Butyrka prison , from where she was sent to Siberia in several stages in a few months. She arrived in Kara in April 1883 . She entered the settlement in the spring of 1885 in the city of Kirensk, Irkutsk province .
In 1888 she married the political exile Anton Stepanovich Boreisho.
In 1900 she left for the European part of the Russian Empire. She lived in Chernigov , Kursk . From 1902 to 1914 - in Nizhny Novgorod . She worked in the Red Cross to help prisoners and conducted classes in the "Society for Primary Education", which conducted cultural work in the Nizhny Novgorod province.
In 1914 she moved to Moscow. Before the February Revolution of 1917, she worked in the illegal Red Cross to help political convicts imprisoned in different cities.
Died in Moscow. She was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery [5] .
Husbands and children
- Kvyatkovsky, Alexander Alexandrovich - since 1879 .
- Son - Alexander ( 1880 - 1884 ) - died of diphtheria.
- Anton Stepanovich Boreisha (Boreisho) - since 1888 .
- Daughter - Elena Antonovna Boreisho (1888-1972) [6] .
Literary works
- Memoirs “The first printing press of“ Narodnaya Volya ”. 2nd edition posthumous (With a foreword) In memory of S. A. Ivanova-Boreisho F. A. Moreynis-Muratova). M., 1928.
- “Memoirs of S. L. Perovskaya” \\ The Past. 1906. No. 3. P. 83-89 - Sofya Ivanovna.
- Autobiography of Ivanova-Boreisho S. A. in the Encyclopedic Dictionary Pomegranate. T. 40 (1927).
Notes
- ↑ Archive of the USSR Academy of Sciences: Sofya Andreevna Boreisho
- ↑ The personal file of Sophia Andreevna Boreisho in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences : The surname Boreish about .
- ↑ Tombstone at Novodevichy Cemetery: Ivanova-Boreish Fr.
- ↑ 16 The Mingrelian Jaeger Regiment at that time was stationed in Khan Kendi and guarded in the Shusha fortress ( Archived copy (inaccessible link) . Date of appeal September 4, 2012. Archived October 19, 2010. ).
- ↑ Russia at the Novodevichy cemetery, part two | Interpreter
- ↑ Tombstone at Novodevichy Cemetery