Khizhnyak, Ivan Lukich

He was born on April 2, 1893 in the city of Eisk, Kuban Region (now the Krasnodar Territory ) in a large fishing family. Father was not forty years old when he died of a cold

Military education

He graduated from the regimental school of the 3rd Infantry Regiment of the Western Front (1915), the school of ensigns in the city of Tiflis (1917), district courses of middle and senior commanders of the North Caucasian Military District in the city of Rostov-on-Don (1924), the 1st course of the Military Academy of the Red Army named. M.V. Frunze (1933).

Activity

World War I

In 1914-1917 he served in the royal army . During the First World War he served as part of the 3rd, 222nd, 153rd, 286th and 208th regiments in positions : private , platoon commander , company sergeant-major, company commander , elected regiment commander . Participated in battles on the Caucasian front , non-commissioned officer .

Civil War

He was an active participant in the February Revolution. After the dissolution of the old army in December 1917, he joined the Red Army as a volunteer. In December 1917, he joined the Bolshevik Party in Kharkov ^[1] .

In the Civil War from December 1917, I. L. Khizhnyak commanded a company in the Red Guard squad of R. F. Sivers in the Don Region, and participated in battles against the troops of General A. M. Kaledin in the Taganrog sector. From February 1918 - the commander of the battalion of the 1st Yeysk Revolutionary Regiment of the North Caucasus troops, from April - the commander of this regiment. He took an active part in suppressing the uprising of the Yeisk department as head of the Yeisk headquarters ^[2] . From February 1919 - the commander of a separate Rostov-Nakhichevan battalion, from February 1920 - the Rostov regiment, then the head of the garrison of the Sali district military registration and enlistment office. Since June 1920, as part of the 9th Army, he commanded the Krasnodar Regiment. III International, 2nd Rifle Regiment, then 275th Rifle Regiment, 31st Rifle Division . He participated in battles in the South and Caucasus fronts against the troops of General A. I. Denikin , as well as with armed formations in the North Caucasus. In 1921, “for the unauthorized execution of a fighter- marauder ”, he was convicted by a military court for 6 months conditionally.

From April 1921, I. L. Khizhnyak was a member of the commission to combat desertion and the Military Tribunal of the 9th Army, then performing the post of military commissar of the 39th separate rifle brigade and commander of the 115th rifle regiment, from January 1922 - commander of the special unit of the CHON 9th Army.

Great Patriotic War

During the Great Patriotic War he was deputy commander of the 167th rifle division , commanded the 117th rifle division ^[3] and the 11th guards rifle corps of the 9th Army of the Northern Group of Forces of the Transcaucasian Front. The corps under the command of I. L. Khizhnyak took part in the North Caucasian offensive operation, the liberation of the cities of Alagir, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Nevinnomyssk, Armavir.

In 1942, he was so seriously injured that in a Moscow hospital he was considered a hopeless patient, and a death mask was removed. However, he recovered, and V. I. Mukhina blinded his portrait . For sculptural portraits of Colonels Ivan Lukich Khizhnyak and B. A. Yusupov, V. I. Mukhina received the Stalin Prize of the second degree in 1943.

In March 1943 he was seriously injured. After recovery, in December of the same year, he was appointed commander of the 13th rifle corps of the Transcaucasian Front. Parts of the corps under his command covered the Black Sea coast in the Lazarevskoye-Batumi sector.

Khizhnyak was wounded eleven times, wounded eight times. Since the spring of 1942 he fought with one lung.

From August 1944 until the end of the war, I. L. Khizhnyak — head of logistics of the Transcaucasian Front.

After the war

In May 1946 he retired. After that, he was actively engaged in military-patriotic activities, public education of the younger generation. For his great public work, I. L. Khizhnyak was repeatedly noted by the Chief Political Administration of the Soviet Army and Navy, as well as the Central Committee of the Komsomol.

He died on August 10, 1980 . Buried in Moscow ^[4] .

• He was awarded four crosses of St. George - I, II, III and IV degrees ^[5] .
• He was awarded three orders of Lenin, four orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov, 2 degrees, the Order of the Red Banner of the Azerbaijan SSR, nominal weapons, a gold watch from the People's Commissar of Defense and medals.
• He was awarded the honorary badge of the “ Red Guard and Red Partisan ”.
• The first honorary citizen of Yeisk and Yeisk district ^[6] , Zheleznovodsk ^[7] . Also Honorary Citizen of Khyzhnyak was recognized by more than forty other settlements of the USSR , as well as various organizations.

• The bust of Hizhnyak, made by the famous sculptor V. I. Mukhina in 1942 ^[8] , is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery.
• I.L. Khizhnyak is the author of the book “War Years” ^[9] , which mentions a little-known fact of the Civil War - the Yeisk troops .
• RGALI stores letters from Ivan Lukich Hizhnyak ^[10] .

• In Zheleznovodsk, Khizhnyak has a memorial plaque with a bas-relief, where the year of his death is mistakenly indicated - 1970 . ^[eleven]
• In 1942 , being seriously wounded, Ivan Lukich was taken to the Lefortovo Hospital , where the sculptor Vera Mukhina removed a death mask from him, dying. But Khizhnyak survived, and Vera Mukhina sculpted one of her best works in bronze — a portrait of I. L. Khizhnyak ^[12] .
• In 1967, the Mayak match factory placed on a box of matches a series of labels on the theme “Soviet Sculpture”. On one of the labels was an image of the bust of I. L. Khizhnyak by Mukhina ^[12] .

• Khizhnyak Ivan Lukich. War years. Volume 1 .. - Krasnodar: Krasnodar Publishing House, 1957. - 330 p.
• The team of authors . Great Patriotic: Komkory. Military Biographical Dictionary / Under the general editorship of M. G. Vozhakina . - M. Zhukovsky: Kuchkovo Pole, 2006. - T. 1. - p. 606-607. - ISBN 5-901679-08-3 .

• Khizhnyak Ivan Lukich
• Khizhnyak Ivan Lukich
• Failed landing
• Fought not by pattern
• The memory of the people :: General-Soldier essay on the commander of the 11th Guards. ck (Unc.) . pamyat-naroda.ru. The appeal date is June 19, 2019.