Maria Nikolaevna Olovennikova ( Oshanina - by the name of the first husband, Barannikova - by the real name of the second husband, Koshurnikova - by the conspiratorial name of the second husband, Marina Polonskaya - in exile; May 15, 1852 , p. Pokrovskoye , Oryol province - September 20 [ October 2] ] 1898 , Paris ) - a prominent Russian revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Narodnaya Volya party , a member of the Executive Committee of the Narodnaya Volya party.
| Maria Nikolaevna Olovennikova | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Aliases | Madame Jacobson |
| Date of Birth | or |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | paramedic, professional revolutionary, editor |
| Religion | Orthodoxy |
| The consignment | People's will |
| Main ideas | populism |
Sister of revolutionaries Natalya and Elizaveta Olovennikova , mother of populist and Socialist-Revolutionary Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina
Content
Biography
She was born in the family of a wealthy landowner, a representative of an old noble family, a scribe of the 1st category, the provincial secretary Nikolai Alexandrovich Olovennikov (d. August 8, 1869 ) and Lyubov Danilovna (nee Buchnevskaya) (d. 1899 ). 7 children were born in the family, of which 5 children - 3 girls and 2 boys, survived to adulthood. [one]
She was educated at a female gymnasium in Orel, but due to her illness she was forced to study at home.
She participated in the populist circle of P. G. Zaichnevsky ( Oryol ).
She graduated from paramedic courses in St. Petersburg .
She took an active part (as the mistress of one of the safe houses in Kharkov ) in an attempt to release P.I. Voinralsky ( July 1, 1878 ).
In 1878, she joined the organization " Earth and Freedom ", tried to organize a settlement of revolutionaries among the peasants of the Voronezh province for propaganda work. After the split of “Earth and Freedom” into “ Black Redistribution ” and “Narodnaya Volya” , she joined the Narodnaya Volya party and adopted terrorist methods of struggle.
She participated in the Lipetsk Congress ( 1879 ) (the only one of the women), as well as in the Voronezh Congress . Elected member of the People’s Will Executive Committee.
In February 1880 she moved to Moscow, where she led the local food group. She escaped arrest and in April 1882 , being seriously ill (she had severe painful migraines ), she left Moscow abroad and from May 1882 she lived in Paris . [2]
In 1883 - 1886 - Secretary of the editorial office of the journal “Bulletin of Narodnaya Volya,” and in the 1890s she took part in the activities of the “Group of Old People’s Volunteers.” In the mid- 1880s , she married Odessa citizen I. Rubanovich (1859-1922) who became her third husband.
Since 1896, health has deteriorated sharply: migraines became more frequent, chronic catarrh of the stomach and anemia developed. Difficult worries about the fate of the comrades imprisoned in the fortress led to a neuropsychic disorder, and hospitalization in a mental hospital. There she fell ill with acute pneumonia and died on September 20, 1898 . [3] [4]
Buried in Paris . The grave is lost.
Husbands and children
- Nikolai Dmitrievich Oshanin - born in the 2nd quarter of the 19th century, died in the spring of 1878. Representative of the old noble family of the Oshanins . Member of the Oryol Control Chamber (since 1870 ). Senior Auditor of the Oryol Control Chamber (since 1875 ). Provincial Secretary ( 1875 ). Married to Maria Nikolaevna Olovennikova in 1873 . He had no relation to revolutionary activity [5] .
Daughter - Oshanina Elena Nikolaevna - ( June 12, 1874 in the village of Pokrovsky , Orel province - after 1935 Kazan , USSR )
- Barannikov, Alexander Ivanovich - from March 1879 to the end of August 1879. Marriage is childless.
- Rubanovich, Ilya Adolfovich - from the middle of 1880. Marriage is childless.
See also
- Olovennikovs
- Barannikov, Alexander Ivanovich
- Rubanovich, Ilya Adolfovich
Notes
- ↑ Olovennikovs: the history of a clan and one family. / Polyynkin’s creative page (2 pp.) / A. M. Polynkin / The work of the "Masters" / Pokrovsky district club of creative personalities "Mas ...
- ↑ Olovennikovs (1 part)
- ↑ The suicide version is not supported by archival documents.
- ↑ Individual political terror in Russia XIX - beginning of XX century
- ↑ Oshanin V. .. The noble family of the Oshanins