Asatiani, Tina Levanovna

Tina Levanovna Asatiani was born on March 12, 1918 in Tbilisi, in the family of a famous literary critic , researcher of classical Georgian literature , professor Levan Nikiforovich Asatiani ^[1] and doctor Anna Volkova ^[2] .

She graduated with honors ^[3] . In 1940 she graduated from the Physics Department of Tbilisi State University ^[4] .

In 1941 she entered the graduate school of the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the A. F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences), and went to the laboratory of academician Abram Alikhanov . During the siege of Leningrad, Asatiani returned to Tbilisi, where she taught general physics at the Transport Institute. In 1942, when the Alikhanian brothers started organizing a cosmic ray research station on Mount Aragats , Tina Asatiani was invited there, and since 1943 she began work on a Ph.D. thesis on the study of extensive air showers. In 1945, at the Institute of Physical Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, she defended her thesis for the degree of candidate of physical and mathematical sciences ^[3] .

In 1943, she married the physicist Arshaluys Tigranovich Dadayan (later the head of the department at Yerevan State University ) ^[2] . Since 1944 she was the head of the laboratory${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\mu </span></span></span>}}$ {\ displaystyle \ mu}   -mesons at the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR (hereinafter referred to as the Yerevan Physical Institute) ^{[3] [5]} .

Since 1959, Tina Asatiani participated in many international conferences and made presentations in many countries of the world ( Japan , India , Canada , USA , England , Germany , France , Austria ) ^[6] . Since 1968, she lectured at Yerevan State University on high energy physics ^{[3] [4]} . For a great contribution to the development of spark chamber techniques in 1970, Tina Asatiani and Academician Artyom Alikhanyan were awarded the Lenin Prize ^[2] .

In 1971 she defended her thesis for the degree of Doctor of Physics and Mathematics , in 1974 she was awarded the title of professor ^[4] . In 1991 she was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, in 1996 - a full member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia ^[4] .

After the declaration of independence of Armenia in 1991, Tina Asatiani was engaged in public activities. She was the founder and honorary president of the Iveria Georgian charity community in Armenia. Asatiani also dealt with the fate of disabled people with spinal cord injuries, their psychological and labor rehabilitation. She wrote and implemented the program "Teaching computer and information technology for disabled spinalists" ^[2] . According to its program, the British Embassy of Armenia organized a Physical Training Center in Yerevan for disabled people. Asatiani was a member of the board of the Veratsnund Association of Spinners of Armenia. On her initiative, a college for the disabled and orphans was organized in the city of Spitak, which successfully operates ^[3] .

In 2008, she published the book “Memories” ^[8] .

Tina Levanovna Asatiani died in Yerevan on July 20, 2011 at the age of 93 years ^[9] . In memory of Tina Asatiani, in 2013, in Yerevan, a memorial plaque was installed on the house where she lived ( Baghramyan Avenue , 18a), ^[7] .

The main scientific works of Tina Levanovna Asatiani are devoted to high-energy physics and cosmic ray physics ^[4] .

In the 1940s, Tina Asatiani was engaged in the study of wide air showers , using a new method for determining the primary energy of wide air showers. Together with academician Artyom Alikhanyan , Asatiani discovered and studied the nature of narrow showers caused by nuclear processes ^[5] , which differ from ordinary particles of extensive air showers ^[3] .

Tina Asatiani has developed an electronic method to reduce the recovery time of a Wilson chamber ^[3] . She is the author of the invention of a device for measuring the coordinates of charged particles - a coordinate detector of charged particles. It is used in experiments on accelerators , also when registering cosmic rays ^[10] .

Since 1960, Tina Asatiani was engaged in an experimental study of polarization.${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\mu </span></span></span>}}$ {\ displaystyle \ mu}   -mesons of cosmic radiation. The studies were conducted on cylindrical and rectangular hodoscopes and a Wilson chamber. Since 1961, Asatiani began to engage in wide-gap spark chambers , and received known results in the study of the installation of wide-gap spark chambers in a magnetic field ^[3] .

Since 1967, Tina Asatiani worked at the experimental installation of the Yerevan Physical Institute "ARUS". Using wide-gap spark chambers, Asatiani conducted the first experiment with ARUS on the staff, proving that the beam was working. Asatiani put the first experiment on “ARUS” on photoproduction${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">K</span></span></span>}}^{\mathrm{<span><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">0</span></span></span>}}}$ {\ displaystyle K ^ {0}}   -mesons ^[3] .

In the early 1970s, under the leadership of Tina Asatiani, a magnetic spectrometer was designed, which made it possible to measure the horizontal flux of high-energy space muons with high accuracy ^[3] . In the late 1970s, Tina Asatiani investigated the halo phenomenon at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory . Asatiani discovered the phenomenon of the construction of multi-gal families ^[3] .

• Lenin Prize (1970) - for the work “Track spark chambers” .
• Order of Honor (Georgia) ^[4] .
• Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Armenian SSR (1980) ^[4] .
• Honorary Citizen of Tbilisi (1987) ^[6] .
• Professor Emeritus, George Soros Foundation (1974) ^[6] .

• Kananova N. In memory of academician Tina Asatiani // Voice of Armenia: socio-political newspaper. - Er. , 2013. - No. 37 . Archived on June 27, 2013.
• Kananova N. In memory of academician Tina Asatiani // Voice of Armenia: socio-political newspaper. - Er. , 2011. - No. 78 . Archived January 14, 2013.
• To the 90th anniversary of Tina Levanovna Asatiani // News of NAS RA. Physics. - 2008. - T. 43 , No. 3 . - S. 241-242 .
• Asatiani Tina Levanovna // Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia / V. A. Hambartsumyan . - Er. , 1975. - T. 1. - S. 552. - 720 p.

• Profile of Tina Levanovna Asatiani on the official website of the NAS RA
• Speech by President Serzh Sargsyan during the reception in honor of the official visit of the President of Georgia to the RA (neopr.) . The official website of the President of Armenia (June 24, 2009). Date of treatment January 19, 2016.
• Women in Physics in Armenia (Neopr.) . Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Date of treatment January 20, 2016.
• Asatiani Tina Levanovna (neopr.) . Encyclopedia of the Hayazg Foundation. Date of treatment January 19, 2016.
• Tina Levanovna Asatiani (neopr.) . www.persons.am (October 23, 2006). Date of treatment May 27, 2014. Archived January 15, 2013.