Yellow trefoil , or meadow trefoil ( lat. Trisétum flavéscens ) - a type species of the genus Trisetum ( Trisetum ) of the Cereals family , or Myatlikovye ( Poaceae ).
| Yellowish trefoil |
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| Scientific classification |
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| Grade: | Monocotyledonous [1] |
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| International scientific name |
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Trisetum flavescens ( L. ) P. Beauv. , 1812 |
| Synonyms |
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- Avena flavescens L. basionym
list of other synonyms [2] - Avena candollei M.Serres
- Avena flavescens var. lutescens rchb.
- Avena flavescens var. variegata gaudin
- Avena purpurascens DC.
- Avena sikkimensis Hook.f.
- Avena splendens ( J. Presl ) Guss.
- Avenastrum flavescens ( L. ) Jess.
- Rebentischia flavescens opiz
- Trisetaria flavescens ( L. ) Baumg.
- Trisetaria flavescens ( L. ) Maire
- Trisetum candollei ( M.Serres ) Verl.
- Trisetum corsicum rouy
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. africanum ( H. Lindb. ) Dobignard
- Trisetum flavescens var. africanum H. Lindb.
- Trisetum flavescens var. alpinum Parl.
- Trisetum flavescens var. clausonii maire
- Trisetum flavescens var. corsicum ( Rouy ) Briq.
- Trisetum flavescens var. dimorphantha Maire & Weiller
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. griseovirens ( H. Lindb. ) Dobignard
- Trisetum flavescens var. griseovirens ( H. Lindb. ) Maire
- Trisetum flavescens f. lutescens ( Rchb. ) Buia & Morariu
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. macratherum ( Maire & Trab. ) Dobignard
- Trisetum flavescens var. macratherum ( Maire & Trab. ) Maire & Weiller
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. parvispiculatum Tzvelev
- Trisetum flavescens var. pratense ( Pers. ) Beck
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. pratense ( Pers. ) Asch. & Graebn.
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. pratensis ( Pers. ) Beck
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. purpurascens ( DC. ) Arcang.
- Trisetum flavescens var. purpurascens ( DC. ) Arcang.
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. splendens ( J.Presl ) Arcang.
- Trisetum flavescens subsp. tatricum chrtek
- Trisetum flavescens f. variegata ( Gaudin ) Beetle
- Trisetum flavescens var. variegatum Mert. & WDJKoch
- Trisetum flavescens var. variegatum ( Gaudin ) Schur
- Trisetum flavescens var. villosum celak.
- Trisetum griseovirens H. Lindb.
- Trisetum handelii Vierh.
- Trisetum macratherum Maire & Trab.
- Trisetum parvispiculatum ( Tzvelev ) Prob.
- Trisetum pratense Pers.
- Trisetum sikkimense ( Hook.f. ) Chrtek
- Trisetum splendens C.Presl
- Trisetum transsilvanicum schur
- Trisetum varium schur
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Content
It is found in many parts of Europe , the Caucasus , North Africa , has also been introduced in Australia and New Zealand .
It grows in meadows rich in nutrients and bases , especially in mountainous and hilly areas. In the Alps this species can be found at an altitude of up to 2400 m. At an altitude of 400 to 900 m in humid and cool areas, it is a characteristic species of local plant communities. It is common in the Alps and in the Central German Highlands.
Squamous yellowish.
Botanical illustration from the book by
Jan Kops Flora Batava ,
1800-1934 Vegetative organs
Perennial herbaceous plant forming loose bushes. It forms erect yellow-green stems 20–80 cm high (rarely up to 100 cm) with 2-5 daughter bushes formed by vegetative propagation . The stems carry simple leaves with pubescent leaf sheaths. Leaf blades 3.5-12 cm long and 2-5 mm wide. A very short ligula has distinctly serrated edges.
Generative organs
The inflorescence is a long narrow panicle up to 20 cm long. As it ripens, its color changes from greenish-yellow to purple, in ripening, acquiring a characteristic golden color [3] [4] . During flowering , lasting from May to June , peduncles are spread out from the side, later they are gathered together. Spikelets 5-7 mm long, flattened, spikelet scales with keeled protrusions. The membranous lower floral scales , equipped with an awn , are split at the end.
Stamens 3, 1.3-2.5 (rarely up to 2.8) mm long.
Chromosome Kit
The number of chromosomes 2n = 36 in yellowish tristinus is unusual for the tribe Aveneae , to which it belongs. The main number of chromosomes of representatives of this tribe is x = 7.
Virus Resistance
The species is sensitive to the mosaic virus YOgMV of the genus Tritimovirus [5] .
Fodder plant
Yellowish tribinacea is a valuable fodder grass for livestock . Thus, being grown in culture, it spread to those areas where it did not grow initially. However, this herb, whether fresh or hay, can cause livestock calcification , accompanied by calcium deposition in soft tissues, including muscles and tendons , the heart and large arteries , including the aorta .
Cows have various symptoms when moving and standing, as well as a decrease in milk yield [6] . Goats have heart murmur and arrhythmia, weight loss, difficulty walking, it becomes difficult to kneel and rise, milk yield decreases [7] . Horses suffer from pains in tendons and ligaments, weight loss and difficulty in movement begin [8] .
Weed
Currently, in many places the plant has become a weed .
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ See the TPL link in the plant card.
- ↑ Dixon, JM (1995). Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv. ( T. pratense Pers., Avena flavescens L.) Journal of Ecology 83: 5 895-909.
- ↑ Grass Manual Treatment Archived on June 8, 2012.
- ↑ Hassan, M., et al. (2009). Identification and characterization of a novel Tritimovirus species isolated from wild Trisetum flavescens L., family Poaceae. Virus Genes 39: 1 146-52.
- ↑ Braun, U., et al. (2000). Enzootic calcinosis in 16 cows from 6 dairy farms in Unterengadin. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 142: 6 333-8.
- ↑ Braun, U., et al. (2000). Enzootic calcinosis in goats caused by golden oat grass ( Trisetum flavescens ). Veterinary Record 146 161-2.
- ↑ Grabner, A., et al. (1985). Enzootic calcinosis in the horse. Tierarztl Prax Suppl. 1 84-93.
- Mogens Skytte Christiansen: Gräser. Süßgräser, Sauergräser und Binsen (BLV-Bestimmungsbuch), 4.Aufl., München, Wien, BLV 1993, ISBN 3-405-13615-6
- Erich Oberdorfer, Theo Müller (Mitarb.): Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. 5., überarb. und erg. Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 .
- Werner Rothmaler (Begr.), Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Hrsg.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 4, Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band. 9. Auflage. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8274-0917-9
- Otti Wilmanns: Ökologische Pflanzensoziologie, 3. Aufl., 1984, ISBN 3-494-02027-2 , S. 226
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: Bildatlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. 2. Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 , DNB 982346743.
- Grit Winterfeld: Molekular-cytogenetische Untersuchungen an Hafergräsern (Aveneae) und anderen Poaceae , Dissertation Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 2004 (PDF).