And the cappella [1] ( Italian. A cappella , “like a cappella ”) is singing (usually choral) without instrumental accompaniment.
Content
- 1 Characteristic
- 2 See also
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
Feature
The term appeared at the end of the XVII century , it is usually associated with the practice of papal services in the Roman Sistine Chapel . In a broad sense, singing “a cappella” refers to any vocal music (soloist, vocal ensemble, choir and combinations of vocal compositions) without instrumental accompaniment.
It is widespread in folk art, church music (early Christian - an apologist praising God, given only by a word ( logo ), voiced by a human voice, without “flutes and trumpets”, was already Clement of Alexandria ; early Catholic and Orthodox - organ accompaniment in the West was first used only approximately in 670), and then in the works of composers of the Dutch school , the works of Giovanni Palestrina .
The singing style “a cappella” was also developed in secular singing by Renaissance composers, including in madrigals .
As a style of professional choral art, the singing “a cappella” was defined in cult polyphony by the end of the Middle Ages, reached a peak in the masters of the Dutch school and received classical expression in the Roman school (Palestrina, Benevoli, Scarlatti ). It should be noted that in the XVII-XVIII centuries, singing a cappella (especially secular) could be accompanied by solo instruments or a general bass ; then performance without accompaniment began to be appreciated again.
The choral art of the Orthodox churches uses singing exclusively “a cappella”. In the ancient (Monophysite) churches of the East (Ethiopian, Coptic, Malabar), musical accompaniment is sometimes allowed, including using traditional African and Asian instruments. In Russia, the composer Alexander Grechaninov was a supporter of the introduction of tools in worship, but this decision was not made by the local cathedral in 1917-1918.
In world literature there are a huge number of works written for performance without musical accompaniment, both by male and mixed choirs. These include oratorios , suites for choir and soloist, song cycles, and requiem. They also show a great influence of the traditions of sacred music [2] .
Singing a cappella is widely used in chamber choral music of 19th century European composers. It reached great heights in Russian choral culture of the 20th century (works by Taneyev , Kastalsky , Rakhmaninov , Chesnokov , Victor Kalinnikov , Davidenko , Koval , Shebalin , Shostakovich , Sviridov , Salmanov ; the activities of the Synodal choir , the Court singing chapel , etc.). Currently, singing a cappella is common in many countries.
The colloquial language of musicians uses the phrase "acapelic singing" [3] [4] .
See also
- Chapel
- Vocalization
- Beatbox - a kind of acapella music [5]
- Nashid
Notes
- ↑ Russian Spelling Dictionary / Lopatin, V.V. (Ed. Ed.). - Institute of the Russian Language V.V. Vinogradova, 2005. - S. 1. - ISBN 5-88744-052-X .
- ↑ Kapitsa F. S. History of world culture. - ACT: Word. - 606 s. - ISBN 978-5-17-064681-4 .
- ↑ Open Orthodox Encyclopedia. Drop singing
- ↑ Capelin singing
- ↑ en: A cappella # Emulating_instruments
Literature
- A chapel // Encyclopedic dictionary compiled by Russian scientists and writers. - SPb. , 1861.