Martinus Theisis Stein ( African: Marthinus Theunis Steyn ; October 2, 1857 - November 28, 1916) - South African lawyer, politician and statesman, sixth and last president of the independent Orange Republic from 1896 to 1902.
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Biography
Born in the Orange Republic in Winburg . After graduating from Gray College, he went to the Netherlands , where he studied law at Leiden University , then moved to England , where he studied at Inner Temple.
After returning to South Africa, he began working as a lawyer in Bloemfontein . In 1889 he was appointed public prosecutor of the Orange Republic. A few months later he became a judge of the second category, and in 1893 - a judge of the first category in the Supreme Court.
In 1895, after the resignation of the country's president, Reitz became a candidate for the vacant post from the Panniderland party. In the elections held in February 1896, he won a landslide victory and soon assumed the presidency. The outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899 caused Stein a sense of duty to lead the fight against the British Empire . Although the Orange Republic was under British occupation, Stein, as the head of government underground, played a key role in continuing the Boer resistance and in coordinating guerrilla warfare.
He was considered one of the most implacable Boer leaders. Nevertheless, in April 1902 he took part in the peace talks in Klerksdorp , however, due to illness, he could not be at them until the end, and therefore on May 31, 1902 he did not participate in the signing of the peace treaty in Fereninging . The treaty put an end to the independence of the Orange Republic and the Stein presidency. Since 1902, he began to suffer from myasthenia gravis caused by constant nervous strain. In July 1902 he sailed to Europe , where he remained until the fall of 1904.
Then he swore allegiance to the British crown and returned to South Africa with partially restored health, and resumed active political activity. During 1908-1909, he served as vice president of the Closed Union Convention, where he distinguished himself with a clear state and conciliatory attitude towards the British, while at the same time defending the rights of the Boer community. He became a co-founder of the South African Party, which he left in 1914 with James Barry Herzog , founding the National Party. In November 1916, at the age of 59, he suddenly died of a heart attack during a public appearance in Bloemfontein.
Memory
- The name of the politician is the city of Stainesrus .
Bibliography
- Rosenthal, Eric. (1966). Southern African Dictionary of National Biography. London: Frederick Warne & Co. bl. 362.
Notes
- β 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 1022613340 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012β2016.