Russian Orthodox Church Assembly ( All-Screened Russian Church Assembly ) is a meeting of Russian Orthodox clergy and laity who found themselves in emigration after the defeat of the White movement in the Civil War , which took place November 21 - December 3, 1921 in Sremsky Karlovtsy in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . In the future, the literature was often referred to as the First All-Church Church Council or the First All-Diaspora Council .
Content
Story of the Cathedral
At the council, the “Order to the Council” was heard, an Appeal to the soldiers of the Russian army, a Message to the children of the Russian Orthodox Church, in dispersion and exile , and a Message to the World Conference (Genoa) were adopted. A number of statements by the Council were purely political in nature, in particular the call for the restoration on the Russian throne of the "legitimate Orthodox tsar from the house of Romanov" and a direct call for world powers to assist in the armed overthrow of the regime in the RSFSR [1] .
The Council formed the Higher Russian Church Administration Abroad (CREC), chaired by Metropolitan Anthony, who was granted the title of Deputy Patriarch. VRTSU consisted of the Synod of Bishops and the Supreme Church Council and claimed to lead the church life of the entire Russian emigration abroad .
Metropolitan Eulogius (Georgievsky) recalled that before the conciliar vote, “Messages to the children of the Russian Orthodox Church, in scattering and exile, there were" long and heated debates in two or three sessions. Vladyka Eulogius himself persuaded the most influential monarchists, members of the Council: “Save the Church, the patriarch. The statement is untimely ... And how we will aggravate his position! The Patriarch is already hard. ” However, when voting, 2/3 of the participants in the Council spoke in favor of the proposed appeal to the Russian people, 1/3 - against. The 34 members of the Council, including Metropolitan Eulogius, remained with a special opinion and filed a motivated statement, in which it was noted that “raising the issue of the monarchy with reference to the dynasty is political in nature and, as such, is not subject to discussion by the church assembly, therefore we do not consider it possible to take part in resolving this issue and voting ” [2] .
The resolution indirectly affected both the patriarch and the organs of the All-Union Central Council in Moscow, since the provision on the Karlovac Council clearly stated that this church meeting in all respects acknowledges the full authority of His Holiness the Patriarch of Moscow. In addition, all the resolutions of the Sobor began with the words: “With the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon,” although in reality none of the documents from this meeting were sent to the patriarch for approval [3] .
Some statements by the Council reflected the mood of its members to resist Bolshevik godless aggression. In particular, the Message of the Genoa Conference, sent at the close of the Council, contained a call not to allow representatives of the Soviet state to this conference [4] . The decisions and participants of the Karlovitsky Sobor received in the Soviet press were condemned in Soviet Russia.
Results and implications
On May 5, 1922 in Moscow in the united presence of the Holy Synod and the Supreme Church Council, under the chairmanship of Patriarch Tikhon, a decree was issued, which was sent by ordinance of the Patriarch to Metropolitan Eulogius (Georgievsky) for transfer to the VTsUZ. Patriarchal Decree read:
"one. I recognize the Karlovatsky Council of the foreign Russian clergy and laity who have no canonical significance and its message about the restoration of the Romanov dynasty and the appeal to the Genoa Conference not expressing the official voice of the Russian Orthodox Church;
2. In view of the fact that the overseas Russian Church Administration is keen on political speaking, and on the other hand, overseas Russian parishes are already entrusted to the care of His Eminence Metropolitan Eulogius, the Higher Church Administration abroad, which resides abroad ... [5] .
Upon acquaintance with the decree, the majority of the members of the All-Union Central Executive Committee came to the conclusion that it was signed under pressure from the Bolsheviks. The collection of signatures under appeals to Metropolitan Anthony began in Russian parishes abroad asking him not to retire.
Archbishop Damaskin (Malyuta) said at the interrogation in 1944 that "the Russian clergy living in Poland, including myself, met the anti-Soviet decisions of the Karlovac Cathedral so approvingly" [6] .
Notes
- ↑ See: Report by P. N. Budzilovich, presented at the Bishops ’Council of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROCOR) on October 20, 2000 in New York, USA; Acts of the Russian All-Diaspora Council, held on November 8 - 21 (November 21 - December 3), 1921, in Sremsky Karlovtsy in the Kingdom of S. Kh. And S. Sremsky Karlovci, 1922.
- ↑ Eulogius (Georgievsky), Met . The path of my life: Memories of Metropolitan Eulogius, set out in his stories by T. Manukhina. Paris, 1947. p. 397.
- ↑ Archpriest Vladislav Tsypin. History of the Russian Orthodox Church, 1917–1990: A textbook for Orthodox theological seminaries. M .: Publishing house "Chronicle", 1994 , p. 207
- Посл The text of the message: Nikon (Rklitsky), Archbishop . Biography of His Beatitude Anthony, Metropolitan of Kiev and Galich. New York. T. VI. 1961. pp. 23-24.
- ↑ Popov A.V. Archive of the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in the GARF. (Experience of the archive review) // Foreign Russia 1917-1939. Digest of articles. - SPb .: "European House" - 2000. - p. 403-411
- ↑ From Athos to the torture chambers of the NKVD: the Way of the Cross of Archbishop Damaskin (Malyuty, 1883-1946) - the topic of a scientific article on history and historical sciences is ... read free text of scientific research ...
Literature
- Appeal of the Bishop of Sevastopol, a member of the highest Church Administration abroad Benjamin convening the Russian Church meeting abroad. - Constantinople: Printing house L. Babok and sons - 1921. - 4 p.
- Foreign Russian Church Assembly. Materials of the preparatory commission. Issue 1. - Constantinople. - 1921. - 44 p.
- Acts of the Russian All-Church Church Council, held on November 8-20 (November 21 - December 3) 1921 in Sremsky Karlovtsy in the Kingdom of CXS. - Sremsky Karlovcy. - 1922. - 158 pages.
- D.N. Nikitin. Karlovac Cathedral // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church-Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2013. - T. XXXI. - p. 177-186. - 752 s. - 33 000 copies - ISBN 978-5-89572-031-8 .