John Dollond ( English John Dollond , 1706-1761) - English optician.
| John Dollond | |
|---|---|
| English John dollond | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | London |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | physicist ( optics ) |
| Awards and prizes | Copley Medal (1758) |
Dollond was the son of a Huguenot refugee, a mulberry weaver from Spitfields, London , born June 10, 1706. He began to engage in trade with his father, but at the same time he found time to acquire knowledge in the field of Latin and Ancient Greek languages, mathematics, physics, anatomy and other sciences. In 1752, he abandoned silk weaving and joined his eldest son, (1730-1820) , which in 1750 started its own business for the production of optical devices. His reputation grew rapidly, and in 1761 he was appointed royal optician. In 1758, he published A Report on Some Experiments Concerning the Different Refractibility of Light, describing the experiments that led to the discovery with which his name came to be associated: the discovery of a way to create achromatic lenses by connecting a crown and a flint .
Leonhard Euler in 1747 suggested that an achromatic lens can be obtained by a combination of glass and a water lens. Relying on the work of Sir Isaac Newton , Dollond challenged this possibility, but later, after the Swedish physicist, Samuel Klingenstern (1698-1765), pointed out that Newton’s dispersion law does not combine with certain observable facts, he began to conduct experiments to solve of this question. At the beginning of 1757, he succeeded in creating color refraction without the aid of water and glass lenses, and after a few months he made a successful attempt to obtain the same result using a combination of glasses of different quality. For this achievement, the Royal Society awarded him the Copley Medal in 1758, and three years later elected him one of its members. Dollond also published two works on apparatus for measuring small angles (1753 and 1754). He died in London from an apoplexy strike on November 30, 1761.
Memory
In 1935, the International Astronomical Union named John Dollond a crater on the visible side of the moon .
Notes
- ↑ SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography / C. Matthew - Oxford : OUP , 2004.
Literature
- Hramov Yu. A. Dollond John ( Physicists: Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 106 .-- 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (in per.)
- This article (section) contains text taken (translated) from the eleventh edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica , which went into the public domain .