The Garibaldi brigades ( Italian: Brigate Garibaldi ) - partisan units operating in Italy during the occupation of the country by Nazi Germany in 1943–45 and playing a large role in the liberation of Italy from German troops.
| Garibaldian brigades ital. Brigate garibaldi | |
|---|---|
 Flag of the Garibaldi Brigades | |
| Years of existence | September 1943 - May 1945 |
| A country |  Italy |
| Subordination | The High Command of the Garibaldi Brigades of the Volunteer Liberation Corps National Liberation Committee |
| Type of | partisans |
| Participation in | World War II ( Resistance Movement in Italy ) |
| Commanders | |
| Famous commanders | Luigi Longo , Pietro Secchia |
They were organized by the Italian Communist Party , although among the partisans there were also members of other political parties and movements from the Committee for National Liberation (CLN), for example, the Italian Socialist Party . Named after Giuseppe Garibaldi , an active activist in the Risorgimento movement [1] .
The first Garibaldian brigades were formed in November 1943, and by April 1945 there were 575 of them. Each brigade consisted of 40-50 partisans and organizationally consisted of 4-5 groups, each of which, in turn, was divided into two groups of 5-6 fighters in each [1] . Later brigades were transformed into divisions. The main command of the brigades was led by communist leaders Luigi Longo and Pietro Secchia .
The Garibaldi brigades made up about half of the armed forces of the partisan army and were the most combat-ready and well-organized. In the summer and autumn of 1944, they took a key part in the large-scale offensive of the partisan army in Central and Northern Italy, and also became the shock force of the April 1945 uprising [1] . From mid-1944 to March 1945, they conducted a total of about 6.5 thousand combat operations and more than 5.5 thousand sabotage [2] .
At the end of April 1945, there were about 51 thousand soldiers in 23 divisions in the Garibald brigades, out of a total of about 100 thousand partisans. In particular, on April 15, the main command of the brigades had 9 divisions in Piedmont (15 thousand soldiers), three in Lombardy (4 thousand), four in Venice (10 thousand), and three in Emilia (12 thousand .) and four in Liguria (10 thousand) [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Garibaldian brigades // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Garibaldian brigades (Unavailable link) . Encyclopedic Dictionary of Strategic Rocket Forces. Date of treatment August 18, 2012. Archived October 3, 2012.
- ↑ Bocca, 1996 , p. 494.
See also
- Garibaldi Medal
Literature
- Longo L. The people of Italy in the struggle, trans. with ital., M. , 1951
- Secchia P. , Moscatelli C. Monte Rosa went down to Milan. M .: Politizdat, 1961 .-- 404 p.
- Battaglia R. History of the Italian resistance movement, trans. with ital., M. , 1954
- Kowalski N. The Italian people - against fascism, M. , 1957.
- Walter Audio. In the name of the Italian people. M., Politizdat, 1982-224 p., Ill.
- Walter Audisio . In nome del popolo italiano. Milano, Teti, 1975
- Mauro Galleni. Soviet partisans in the Italian resistance movement. 2nd ed., Rev. and add. M., "Progress", 1988. - 229 pp., Ill.
- V. Ya. Pereladov. Notes of the Russian Garibaldian. Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Prince Publishing House, 1988 .-- 222 pp., ill.
- Roberto Battaglia . Storia della Resistenza italiana. Torino, Einaudi, 1964
- Cesare Bermani . Pagine di guerriglia. L'esperienza dei garibaldini della Valsesia. 3 voll., Istituto per la storia della Resistenza. Biella-Vercelli, 1995-2000
- Giorgio Bocca. Storia dell'Italia partigiana. - Milano: Mondadori, 1996.