Liriodendron tulip , or real tulip tree [2] , or lyran [2] ( lat. Liriodendron tulipifera ) is a tall tree of the magnolia family, which naturally grows in eastern North America . On the territory of the Russian Federation, tulip trees are acclimatized in the humid conditions of the Sochi subtropics of the Black Sea coast of Russia , where they are used in landscape design .
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 Liriodendron tulip. Type species of the genus. General view of the plant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Liriodendron tulipifera L. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
- 1 Botanical Description
- 2 Cultivation
- 3 Meaning and application
- 4 facts
- 5 Gallery
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 References
Botanical Description
Large deciduous tree. Fast-growing, the average height of the tree is 25–36 m, and in some specimens, especially in the forest, it often exceeds 50 m. The crown is high, in young trees it is pyramidal, with a more oval shape. The trunk is straight, massive, with a diameter of 60-150 cm. The bark of young trees is smooth, light gray-green; more mature uneven, with white diamond-shaped grooves. Old trees often have holes made by a woodpecker . The branches are brown, often shiny or as if covered with wax, with a break they have a sweet spicy smell.
The leaves are alternate, simple, with feathery venation, 12–20 cm long, wide, light green or green. In the fall, the leaves turn golden yellow. The shape of the leaves is somewhat unusual, somewhat resembling a tulip flower - lyre-shaped, consisting of four lobes, with a reverse heart-shaped, notched apex. Petioles of leaves are long, 7-10 cm. Stipules are large, wrap around a branch. The kidneys are elongated and fold, in shape resembling a duck beak.
The flowers resemble a tulip bud (hence the name), about 6 cm long, bisexual, with pale green or yellow (rarely white) petals and an orange corolla , exude a faint cucumber aroma, give a large amount of nectar . Perianth strictly three-membered, consisting of three outwardly bent leaves and six - forward directed and equipped with nectaries located in two circles. Numerous stamens and pistils are located on an elongated axis. Flower formula : . Flowers bloom one at a time at the end of the branches. The flowering period occurs in late May - mid-June. Tulip tree is considered one of the most melliferous plants in the eastern United States .
The fruit is an elongated cone-shaped formation about 5 cm long, consisting of a base and lionfish , falling off when ripe. Each lionfish is about 4 cm long, has one wing and contains a tetrahedral seed , attached at one end to a cone-shaped spike and the other to the wing. The fruit ripens in August-October, seed scattering occurs in late autumn or winter; tufts of lionfish often dry on a tree until spring and resemble dried leaves.
Cultivation
Liriodendron tulip is introduced and widely cultivated in the temperate climate of various countries, spreading northward to the latitude of Oslo in Norway . In the southern hemisphere, it is grown in Argentina , Australia , Chile , New Zealand , South Africa and Uruguay . When distributed outside the natural range, it does not show any noticeable invasiveness (aggression towards other native species of plants).
Tulip trees give a magnificent crown, but under favorable conditions they can quickly grow to a height of over 35 m. They prefer deep, well-drained clay soils with a thick chernozem surface layer. Tolerant to sandy soils, susceptible to arid, hot territories and salty soils. Fertilize better than other types of trees, but still the composition of the soil and its organic content are of paramount importance. Like other species of the magnolia family, the tulip lyredendron has fleshy roots , and when planting, they easily break if they are handled carelessly. Planting should take place in early spring, before the appearance of leaves, which is especially important for the northern territories.
Meaning and Application
Liriodendron tulip ( Liriodendron tulipifera ) in the USA, where it is known as "yellow poplar", has great forestry value. In the English technical literature is designated as "white wood" or "canary white wood." The wood is light, well processed and polished; used for the production of peeled plywood , for the case of musical instruments and radios, such as carpentry and container wood, for balances for the paper industry, etc. [3]
Facts
- It is considered the national symbol of the American states of Indiana , Kentucky and Tennessee .
- In the story of Edgar Allan Poe, “The Golden Beetle ”, a skull was nailed to a branch of a tulip tree (it was chosen as the highest tree in this area of South Carolina ), which served as a guide for finding treasure. Next to the same tree, Captain Kidd’s richest treasure was buried.
Gallery
Sheet
Flower
Bark
Tree in autumn
Fruit and seeds
Annual seedling
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 Russian name of the taxon - according to the following edition:
- Schroeter A.I. , Panasyuk V.A. Dictionary of Plant Names = Dictionary of Plant Names / Int. union biol. Sciences, Nat. Biologists of Russia, Vseros. instit lek. and aromatic. plants Ros. agricultural farm. academies; Ed. prof. V.A. Bykova. - Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 1999 .-- S. 436. - 1033 p. - ISBN 3-87429-398-X .
- ↑ According to the book “Trees and Shrubs of the USSR” (see section Literature ).
Literature
- Genus 3. Liriodendron - Liriodendron L. // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1954. - T. III. Angiosperms. Trochodendron families - Rosaceae. - S. 98-99. - 872 s. - 3000 copies.
- Genus * Tulip tree - Liriodendron L. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 t / h. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1937. - T. 7 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 565-566. - 792, XXVI p. - 5200 copies.