Present , Present , Present ( lat. praesens ) - a gramme of the grammatical category of time , means that the development of the situation includes the moment of speech . Wed Russian the girl is singing , lat. puella cantat - action at the time of utterance; Russian victory loves care , lat. amat victoria curam - constantly true, constant state of affairs.
The present tense verb can also express mood ( conditional , desirable , etc.) and voice ( active / passive ).
In some languages, the present is the grammatical category of the noun, meaning that the subject exists at the present time (and not, say, will be built or was destroyed).
Content
In Russian
If the infinitive ends in -t, then in the present tense 1 l. units h. The verb, irrespective of conjugation, acquires the ending -th or -y (play - play y , think - thought y , wash - mine, stand - one hundred, walk - walk y ; sit - sit, yell - oh, shout - scream y , fly - lay y ). In 2 liters. units h. there is an ending -sh , and in 1 conjugation in front of w stands e, and in the 2nd conjunction - and.
Inf. play, yell (I conjugation ), screech, stand (II conjugation )
| Face | Unit | Mn. |
|---|---|---|
| 1l | game u , oh y , squeal, one hundred u | the game is eat , oh oh, squeal to them , one hundred to them |
| 2l. | play shh , shhh, scream, stand shh | play yelling, yelling, screaming, stand |
| 3l. | the game is yelling, screaming, squealing | playing yut , yelling, screaming, one hundred yat |
In Russian, there is no separate present long tense (Continuous), however, there are separate related verbs:
I am running (at the moment, I am running) - I am running (for some time, I run).
In English
There are no conjugations in English, but there are different forms of the present tense: simple and continuous. In simple tense, only the -s ending is added to the third-person verb. A long time is formed by the ending -ing .
Inf. to play
| Face | Unit | Mn. |
|---|---|---|
| 1 liter | I play (am play ing ) | We play |
| 2 l | You play ('re play ing ) | |
| 3 l | He plays (is playing) | they play |
In German
In Latin
The meaning of the Latin praesens indicativi completely coincides with the meaning of the present tense in the Russian language. It expresses both an action that is simultaneous with the moment of utterance, and generally continuously lasting: puella cantat - the girl sings (at the moment of utterance); amat victoria curam - victory loves care (constantly lasting action. For verbs I, II, III and IV, present tense forms of the indicative mood of the real and passive voice are formed by adding the usual personal endings to the basis of the infect: -o, -s, -t, - mus, -tis, -nt (valid voice); -or, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur (passive voice).
Verbs III sp. in the 2nd person and 3rd person hours and in the 1st and 2nd person pl. including a personal ending using the vowel -i-, as well as in the 3rd person pl. h. using the vowel -u- (in the 4th argument, only -u- of the 3rd person is used: capiunt, audiunt).
See also
- The present
Literature
- Melchuk I.A. General morphology course. T. II. The grammatical meaning. M.-Vienna, 1998.
- Plungyan V.A. General morphology: introduction to the problems. M., 2000.
- Kozarzhevsky A. Ch. Latin textbook. M., 2003.
- Pakhotin, A. I. All About Times in the English Language - Moscow: Publisher Kareva A.K., 2006. ISBN 978-5-98035-013-0