The International Biathlon Union ( International Biathlon Union , German Internationale Biathlon-Union , IBU ) is an international organization uniting national federations and other organizations representing biathlon . The headquarters of the union is located in Austria , in the city of Salzburg .
| International Biathlon Union | |
|---|---|
| English International biathlon union him. Internationale Biathlon-Union | |
 | |
| Membership | 69 members |
| Headquarters |  Salzburg |
| Type of organization | Sports organization |
| Official language | English |
| Executives | |
| The president |  Olle Dalin |
| Base | |
| Base | 1993 |
| biathlonworld.com | |
Content
History
The International Biathlon Union was founded on July 2, 1993 [1] in London , after the decision was made to exclude biathletes from the International Union of Modern Pentathlon and Biathlon ( French Union de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon, UIPMB ), in which they were members since 1953 . As a result, biathletes created their own international federation. The Union includes 57 national organizations, formerly members of the International Union for Modern Pentathlon and Biathlon. The final separation from the UIPMB took place at the III IBU Congress in June 1998 . In August 1998 , the International Olympic Committee recognized the International Biathlon Union as an independent international Olympic sport federation.
The headquarters of the International Biathlon Union was opened on December 12, 1993 and has since been located in the Austrian city of Salzburg (officially registered as the headquarters of the international organization in accordance with the requirements of Austrian law in 1999 ).
Structure
In its activities, the International Union of Biathletes is guided by the Constitution ( English IBU Constitution ) [2] , adopted at the constituent congress in 1993 . At the XI Congress of the International Biathlon Union in 2014, the Constitution was substantially revised.
The supreme and legislative body of the International Biathlon Union is Congress, which is held every two years (if necessary, an extraordinary Congress can be convened). Congress approves amendments to the Constitution of the International Biathlon Union, the Disciplinary Rules, the Rules for Events and Competitions and other SME Rules; makes decisions on full membership in the organization; determines the venues of the World Championships and the next Congress. Once every 4 years (in the year of the Winter Olympic Games) he also elects the voting members of the Executive Committee, the Technical Committee and the auditors.
In the period between Congresses, the Executive Committee ( IBU Executive Board ) is responsible for the activities of the International Biathlon Union, which meets at least twice a year, as well as when decisions are necessary. He approves the calendar of competitions, makes personnel decisions that are not within the exclusive competence of the Congress of the organization. The Executive Committee consists of 10 members: the President, the First Vice-President (Deputy President) and 7 vice-presidents in charge of various areas of SME work, as well as the Secretary-General, who carries out current management of the organization, but does not have voting rights at meetings of the Executive Committee .
Anders Besseberg ( Norway ) has been President of the International Biathlon Union from the moment of its foundation until September 2018. However, in April 2018, he decided to resign due to an investigation by the Austrian police and searches at the organization’s headquarters. According to Inside the games , the searches are related to the investigation of anti-doping rule violations. As reported by the Norwegian publication VG , Besseberg since 2011 allegedly concealed 65 positive doping samples of Russian athletes. We are talking about both positive doping tests and abnormal indicators of biological blood passports.
This information became known thanks to three sources: the hacked database of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) for the period from 2011 to 2015, the testimony of the former director of the Moscow Anti-Doping Laboratory , now living in the United States under the witness protection program, Professor Grigory Rodchenkov , as well as the testimony of unnamed informants .
On September 7, 2018, at the XIII regular IBU Congress, the Swede Olle Dalin was elected the new President of the organization [3] . He beat his only competitor - the head of the Latvian Biathlon Federation Baibu Broca - with 39 votes to 12.
On the eve of the elections, the Norwegian channel NRK received several anonymous letters stating that Dalin, by bribing, tried to get the votes of the federations of Serbia and India: he paid for the flight to the members of these federations to Croatia, where the IBU Congress is held, promised them financial support in the future, and also invited them to Free seminar in Ostersund . Dalin himself denied this information, confirming only the fact of invitations to the seminar [4] .
The official language of the International Biathlon Union is English . The official languages of the Congress are English , German and Russian . These languages can also be chosen as a worker in the bodies, committees and other administrative units of SMEs.
National Federations - IBU Members
The IBU includes 69 national federations [5] .
| No. | A country | Federation |
|---|---|---|
| one | Andorra | Federació Andorrana d'Esquí |
| 2 | Argentina | Federación Argentina de Biathlón |
| 3 | Armenia | Armenian Biathlon Federation |
| four | Australia | Australian Biathlon Association Inc |
| five | Belgium | Belgium Biathlon |
| 6 | Belarus | Belarusian Biathlon Federation |
| 7 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Skijaški Savez Bosne i Hercegovine |
| eight | Brazil | Confederação Brasileira de Desportos na Neve |
| 9 | Bulgaria | Bulgaria biathlon federation |
| ten | Chile | Federación Chilena de Biathlón |
| eleven | China | Chinese Biathlon Association |
| 12 | Czech | Český svaz biatlonu |
| 13 | Denmark | Danmarks skiforbund |
| 14 | Germany | Deutscher skiverband |
| 15 | Estonia | Eesti Laskesuusatamise Föderatsioon |
| sixteen | Finland | Suomen ampumahiihtoliitto |
| 17 | France | Fédération Française de Ski |
| 18 | Georgia | National Biathlon Federation of Georgia |
| nineteen | Greece | Hellenic ski federation |
| 20 | Greenland | Greenland biathlon federation |
| 21 | Great Britain | The british biathlon union |
| 22 | India | Indian biathlon association |
| 23 | Iran | IRIran Ski Federation |
| 24 | Ireland | Snowsports association of ireland |
| 25 | Italy | Federazione Italiana Sport Invernali |
| 26 | Japan | Japan Biathlon Federation |
| 27 | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan Biathlon Federation |
| 28 | Kenya | Biathlon Federation of Kenya via NOC Kenya |
| 29th | Kyrgyzstan | Biathlon Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic |
| thirty | Croatia | Hrvatski biatlonski savez |
| 31 | Latvia | Latvijas Biatlona federācija |
| 32 | Liechtenstein | Liechtensteiner skiverband |
| 33 | Lithuania | Lietuvos biatlono federacija |
| 34 | North Macedonia | Ski Federation on Macedonia |
| 35 | Moldova | Biathlon Federation of the Republic of Moldova |
| 36 | Mongolia | Mongolian Biathlon Association |
| 37 | New Zealand | Biathlon new zealand |
| 38 | Netherlands | Nederlandse Ski Vereniging |
| 39 | Norway | Norges Skiskytterforbund |
| 40 | Austria | Österreichischer Skiverband |
| 41 | Poland | Polski Związek Biathlonu |
| 42 | Portugal | Federação Portuguesa do Pentatlo Moderno |
| 43 | Romania | Federaţia Română de Schi Biatlon |
| 44 | Russia (temporary member) [6] | Russian Biathlon Union |
| 45 | Sweden | Svenska Skidskytteförbundet |
| 46 | Switzerland | Swiss ski |
| 47 | Serbia | Biathlon Savez Srbiјe |
| 48 | Slovakia | Slovenský zväz biatlonu |
| 49 | Slovenia | Smučarska Zveza Slovenije |
| 50 | Spain | Real Federación Española Deportes de Invierno |
| 51 | The Republic of Korea | Korea Biathlon Union |
| 52 | Republic of China (Taiwan) | Chinese Taipei Modern Pentathlon and Biathlon Association |
| 53 | Turkey | Turkish Ski Federation |
| 54 | Ukraine | Federation of Biathlon of Ukraine |
| 55 | Hungary | Magyar Sí Szövetség |
| 56 | USA | United States Biathlon Association |
| 57 | Uzbekistan | The Republican Center of Technical Sports of Uzbekistan |
| 58 | Cyprus | Cyprus Biathlon Federation |
| 59 | Canada | Biathlon canada |
| 60 | Nigeria | Biathlon Federation of Nigeria |
| 61 | Puerto rico | Biathlon Federation of Puerto Rico Via Comite Olimpico de Puerte Rico |
| 62 | Costa Rica | Costa Rica Ski Association |
| 63 | Algeria | Federation Algerienne de Ski et sports de Montagne |
| 64 | Dominican Republic | Federation Dominican Republic |
| 65 | Lebanon | Federation Libanaise de Ski |
| 66 | Monaco | Federation monéqasque de ski |
| 67 | Morocco | Fédération Royale Marocaine de Ski et Montagne |
| 68 | Guam | Guam Biathlon, Triathlon and Modern Pentathlon Association |
| 69 | Virgin Islands (USA) | Virgin Islands Modern Pentathlon Plantation Manor |
Competitions in
Biathlon World Championship
Biathlon World Cup
Junior Biathlon World Championships
It has been held annually since 1967 for men and since 1989 for women. It includes two separate tests: among juniors (aged 20-21 at the beginning of the calendar year) and among boys / girls (19 years and younger), although the start for both age groups in some disciplines may be common.
European Competition
The IBU Cup (former European Cup) and the European Championship are second-tier competitions. They usually involve athletes who are just starting a career, or those who do not get into the main team (playing at the World Cup) due to a decrease in their results - sometimes even Olympic champions (for example, Frude Andresen , Olga Zaitseva in the 2007 season / 2008 ) and world champions (for example, Pavel Rostovtsev in the 2004/2005 season ). In countries where the competition for a place in the national team is very high, many biathletes and biathletes “roam” their entire international career between the European Cup and the World Cup, not having the opportunity to gain a foothold in the core team.
The biathlon calendar is compiled in such a way that it is almost impossible to take part in all competitions of the World Cup (including the World Cup) and the European Championship (not to mention the IBU Cup stages). This confirms that this is a competition for different categories of athletes.
All European competitions are open. In addition to the Europeans themselves, athletes from Kazakhstan, Canada, the USA and other countries take part in them.
The disciplines held at the European Championship and IBU Cup stages are the same as at world-class competitions, except that there is no mass start and relay race
European Open Biathlon Championship
The European Championship ( UEFA ) has been held annually since 1994 among women, men, juniors and juniors. The championship program since 2000 includes an individual race , sprint , pursuit and relay race . Therefore, although the number of types of programs at the European Championship is less than at the World Cup, the number of sets of medals played is greater (16 in recent years).
Athletes of the first national teams of leading biathlon powers (Russia, Germany, Norway, France), with rare exceptions, do not participate in these competitions. But such countries as Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Bulgaria and some others traditionally send their leading biathletes to win medals in European championships. Among juniors, differences in the lists of participants in the world and European championships are less noticeable.
Since 2009, only athletes who are not yet 27 years old at the beginning of the calendar year will be able to participate in the European Championships. Thus, the European Championship takes on the significance of the “youth world championship”. Since 2015, age restrictions for adult athletes have been removed.
IBU Biathlon Cup
The IBU Cup (before the 2008/2009 season - the Open European Cup), like the World Cup, consists of a number of stages, each of which 2 (less often 3) races are held.
IBU Cup is of great importance in biathlon as a qualification competition for the World Cup. According to the rules of the competition, in order to take part in the World Cup, an athlete must show in European competitions in a sprint or in an individual race a result no more than 15% lower than the average of the three best in the race. (This is not the only way to qualify. Athletes moving to an older age group can qualify for the World Cup based on their results at the Junior World Cup.)
Continental Competition
In addition to the championship and the European Cup, which have an important place in the structure of modern biathlon, the International Biathlon Union holds championships and cup competitions on other continents: in Asia , North and South America . As well as international competitions of regional importance (for example, the Balkan Cup, the North Cup (among the countries of the Scandinavian region, North America and Russia)).
Summer Biathlon
Archery Biathlon
For several years, the International Biathlon Union has been involved in the development of the Archie Biathlon in partnership with the International Archery Federation ( Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc, FITA ). Since 2006, the Archery Biathlon is outside the competence of the IBU .
Other competitions
The International Biathlon Union takes part in the Winter Olympics and the Winter Universiades as the organization responsible for conducting biathlon competitions.
Anti-Doping
The International Biathlon Union is actively involved in the fight against doping . He was one of the first sports federations to begin blood control. Already in February 1994 , the medical committee and the executive committee of the International Biathlon Union held the first discussion on blood control. This form of control was first applied during the 1994 World Cup in Bad Gastein ( Austria ). In 1997 - 98 years. hematocrit measurements began. In the 2000–2001 season, a contract was signed with the World Anti-Doping Agency for out-of-competition control.
Notes
- ↑ International Biathlon Union Archived January 18, 2015 on the Wayback Machine (English) (German) (Russian)
- ↑ Constitution of the International Biathlon Union Archival copy of January 18, 2015 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ IBU Congress: Olle Dahlin (SWE) elected as new IBU President . International Biathlon Union - IBU. Date of treatment December 17, 2018.
- ↑ Hans Henrik Bårtvedt. NRK mottar anonyme brev: - Det har blitt eit skittent spel (neopr.) . NRK (September 6, 2018). Date of appeal April 27, 2019.
- ↑ IBU Member Federations (unreachable link) . Date of treatment January 18, 2015. Archived January 18, 2015.
- ↑ International Biathlon Union refused to restore Russia in rights