Makarovo (Kursk region)

It is located 10 km east of Zheleznogorsk on the Pesochne river, a tributary of Swapa . Height above sea level - 215 m ^[2] . To the north of the village is the dam of the Mikhailovsky GOK hydraulic dump.

According to legend, the village arose in the XVI century during the reign of Ivan the Terrible . Then in the surrounding forests was the camp of the robber Kudeyar with his gang. On the left bank of the Pesochny River, not far from present Androsov , was the village of Lunino, through which a large road ran from Moscow to the south. The Luninists learned that tax collectors would travel through their village with the royal treasury at a certain time, so they decided to rob the treasury. Kudeyar was invited as an accomplice. Together, the security was defeated, the treasury was taken away. For such an act, a lot of Luninists were executed, and the settlement by the tsarist squad was wiped off the face of the earth. Two peasants, Makar and Andros, with their families left the place on time, settled in a new place and became the founders of the future villages of Makarovo and Androsovo.

In the XVII-XVIII centuries, the village was part of the Kromsky district , located in its southwestern part ^[3] . According to the 4th revision of 1782, part of the population of Makarov was made up of single-palace buildings ^[4] . Since 1802, as part of the Dmitrov district of the Oryol province .

In 1853, there were 77 yards in the village, 650 people lived (330 males and 320 females) ^[5] . According to the data for 1860, in Makarov and the neighboring village of Mokhov, landowner Matvey Afanasevich Dyachenko owned 133 serfs (109 peasants and 24 yard) ^[6] . In 1861-1923, the village was part of the Bolshebobrovsky volost of Dmitrovsky district of the Oryol province . In 1866, in the former owner's village of Makarovo, there was 41 courtyards, 741 people lived (363 men and 2378 women), the Orthodox Nikolaev Church, 6 oil mills and a mill operated. The road from Dmitrovsk to Fatezh passed through Makarovo ^[7] . In addition to the residents of Makarov, the population of the neighboring villages of Kurbakino and Mokhovoe was attributed to the arrival of the Nikolaev temple ^[8] . According to the data of 1877, there were already 100 yards in the village, 689 residents lived, and a zemstvo school was opened ^[9] . In 1897, 887 people lived in Makarovo (440 males and 447 females); the entire population professed Orthodoxy ^[10] .

In November 1917, the peasants defeated the estate of Boris Vladimirovich Mostovoy in Makarovo, which he rented from the landowner Pyotr Nikolaevich Shamshev. In March 1919, the brothers Ivan Illarionovich and Grigory Borodins, natives of the village of Makarovo, organized an anti-Soviet uprising, which spread to neighboring volosts, but subsequently suppressed.

In 1926, 938 people lived in the village (432 males and 506 females), there was a first-level school, an illiteracy eradication center, a red corner, and a veterinary station. At that time, Makarovo was part of the Makarovsky village council of Volkovskaya volost, Dmitrovsky district, Orel province ^[11] . Since 1928, as part of the Mikhailovsky (now Zheleznogorsk) district. During collectivization, in the spring of 1930, members of the “anti-Soviet kulak group” intimidated the collective farmers: “The collective farm does not last long, since in the near future the Soviet regime will end. Get out of the collective farm before it's too late. ” This agitation was foiled by the collective plowing of land ^[12] . In 1937, there were 158 yards in Makarovo ^[13] . During the Great Patriotic War, from October 1941 to February 1943, it was in the zone of Nazi occupation. During the occupation, the Makarovites actively supported the partisans. For this, in the fall of 1942, the Nazis shot 19 and burned alive 14 villagers. As of 1955, the center of the Iskra Commune collective farm was located in Makarovo ^[14] .

In 1865, the priest Vasily Smirnov served in the church ^[15] . In 1904, the priest of the Nicholas Church Vladimir Kazansky for five years of immaculate and diligent pastoral service was awarded a plait ^[16] . In 1905, the psalmist of the temple, Matvey Sokolov, for 50 years of service, was awarded the Emperor Nicholas II a gold medal with the inscription "For zeal" for wearing on the neck on the Anninsky ribbon ^[17] .

  historical monument (regional)

Mass grave of partisans and residents of the village of Makarovo, shot by Nazi invaders in 1942. Located on the northern outskirts of the village. The number of people buried has not been established ^[25] .

  historical monument (regional)

The house in which the headquarters of the Petrovsky partisan detachment and the headquarters of the 14th Army were located .

• Tolkachev, Grigory Alekseevich (1895-1919) - a participant in the revolutionary movement and the struggle for Soviet power during the Civil War , chairman of the Dmitrov district committee of the RCP (b) . Born in Makarovo. He was killed during the uprising of the kulaks . The street in Dmitrovsk is named after Grigory Tolkachev.

• Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire. Oryol province. - Printing house of the Department of the General Staff. - SPb. , 1853. - 255 s.
• Appendices to the work of the Editorial Commissions for the compilation of Regulations on peasants emerging from serfdom. Volume II - SPb. : Bezobrazov Printing House, 1860. - 57 p.
• The list of the occupied places of the Oryol province according to 1866. - SPb. : Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior, 1871. - 237 p.
• Volosts and the most important villages of European Russia. Issue 1. Provinces of the central agricultural region. - SPb. : Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior, 1880. - 413 p.
• Populated places of the Russian Empire of 500 or more inhabitants according to the census of 1897. - SPb. : Printing house “Public benefit”, 1905. - 399 p.
• List of settlements of the Oryol province. 1st edition. Dmitrovsky district. - Oryol provincial statistical department, 1927. - 67 p.
• Kursk region. Administrative division on July 1, 1955. - Kursk Book Publishing House, 1955. - 147 p.
• R. T. Manning, L. Viola, V.P. Danilov. The tragedy of the Soviet countryside: collectivization and dispossession. Volume 2. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia, 1999. - 927 p. - ISBN 5-8243-0006-2 .
• S. A. Surguchev. Rebels and robbers. - LLC Teacher, 2012 .-- 324 p.