East of England ( eng. East Anglia ) is a statistical region of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of the level NUTS 2 . This is one of the three components of East Anglia - the first level region . The name also applies to the ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom. The name of the region is derived from the English - a tribe that originates from Angeln in northern Germany. The region includes four areas of local government: Norfolk , Suffolk and Cambridgeshire counties and a unitary unit of the city of Peterborough [1] .
Content
History
East Anglia originally consisted of Norfolk and Suffolk, but after the marriage of Princess Etheldreda , the island of Or became also part of the kingdom. The Kingdom of Eastern Angles, formed around 520 by the merging of the northern and southern parts of the people (the Angles who settled on the former lands of the stages during the last century), was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the Heptarchy period. For a short period after the victory over the kingdom of Northumbria , the whole of 616 , East Anglia was the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Britain, and Bretwald Redwald was its king. But then, over the next forty years, East Anglia suffered defeats from the Mercians several times, and it continued to weaken relative to the other kingdoms further, until, in the year 794, Off Mersiysky killed King Etelbert II and took control of the kingdom.
The independence of East Anglia was restored after a successful uprising against Mercia ( 825–827 ), during which two Mercian kings were killed trying to suppress it. On November 20, 869 , the Danes killed King Edmund and captured the kingdom, which they called "East Anglia" (see Ivar Boneless ). The Anglo-Saxons regained their independence in 920, only to lose it again in 1015–1017, when it was conquered by Knud the Great and turned into the demesne of Torkel the High, which was made the earl of East Anglia in 1017 .
The large territories of East Anglia (including parts of Lincolnshire) consisted of marches and peatlands until the 17th century, despite the construction of sea barriers by the Roman Empire. In the 17th century, alluvial lands are transformed into arable, through systematic drainage through a set of effluent and river works. In the 1630s, thousands of Puritan families from East Anglia settled in New England , which has cultural ties with East Anglia [2] . East Anglia, most of its income received at the expense of wool and textiles , flourishing before the industrial revolution, when production was concentrated in the Midlands and northern England .
During World War II , the British Air Force and the United States Air Force built many air bases in East Anglia for heavy bombers against the Nazi-occupied Europe. East England was chosen because there was considerable space, flat terrain, and the region is rather close to mainland Europe, which reduces the time of arrival and allows for more ammunition loading. The remains of some of these bases are still preserved. The bunkers, which were built in 1940 to protect the population of the German invasion, can be found throughout the region at strategic points.
Geography
This part of England is characterized by a flat landscape, partly consisting of swamps and reclaimed swamps, Suffolk and Norfolk have a hilly relief. The central part is covered with low flat hills.
There are about 850,000 people in Norfolk County, 715,000 people in Suffolk. and Cambridgeshire, 769,000 people, totaling about 2.3 million people. Major cities: Norwich, Peterborough, Ipswich and Cambridge . Bury St Edmunds , Or , Lowestoft , Great Yarmouth and Huntington are major cities. The Regional Assembly of East Anglia was located in Bury St Edmunds until its liquidation.
Although water is abundant in this swampy area, the region is one of the driest in the United Kingdom. During the summer months, in dry conditions, fires often occur.
The maximum temperature ranges from 5–10 ° C (41–50 ° F) in winter, to 20–25 ° C (68–77 ° F) in summer, although in recent years, temperatures are known to reach 35 ° C ( 95 ° F). Solar sums are usually higher in coastal areas [3] .
Literature
See also
- List of Kings of East Anglia
- Diocese of East Anglia
- Eastern English dialects of English
Notes
- Retrie Hierarchical List of European Communities (retrieved 26 February 2010)
- ↑ Pillboxes UK Ian Sanders, December 2005
- ↑ Brown, Chris State of the Environment Report 1998 Archived May 6, 2008. Chapter 11: Physical Background (pp.305-306) Cambridgeshire County Council (retrieved 19 July 2007)