Sungul is a lake in the Chelyabinsk region , located southeast of Vishnevogorsk in the Snezhinsky urban district and Vishnevogorsk urban settlement of the Kasli district . Lies at the foot of the Cherry Mountains [4] .
| Lake | |
| Sungul | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | 233 [1] m |
| Square | 11.52 [2] km² |
| Deepest | 8 m |
| Average depth | 2 m |
| Hydrology | |
| Transparency | 6.5 m |
| Pool | |
| Pool area | 0 km² |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Chelyabinsk region |
| Area | Kasli district |
| Identifiers | |
| HWR : | |
Etymology
The name of the lake probably comes from the addition of two Tatar words soңgy (last) and kүl (lake) with subsequent conversion to the Russian name, or from the head. sөңgөl ( tat. choңgyl ) meaning whirlpool [5] .
Description
The area of Sungul Lake is 11.66 km². The greatest depth is 8 m, the average is 2-3 m. In winter, the thickness of the ice can reach 1 m. The bottom is mostly muddy. The shores are steep, often steep, stony, covered mainly with pine. The channel connects with the lakes of Silach , Kireta and other lakes of the Kaslinsko-Irtyash system of lakes [6] . Through the Olkhovka River, the flow of Svetlenkoye Lake ( protected areas , natural monument) takes place in Lake Sungul [7] .
There are more than two dozen islands on the lake, the largest of which are Nicodemus, Pleshkany, Ershov, Raspberry, Saplinov . In summer, the islands are the place for the offspring of gulls, herons, ducks.
The lake is inhabited by pike , perch , roach , crucian carp , burbot , tench , ide , whitefish , ripus , dace . Part of the lake is used as a hatchery for carp breeding.
Radon sources are located in the vicinity of the lake, the waters of the lake itself are radon-containing, and radium is also contained in the mud (silt) and peat of the lake and adjacent bogs [8] [9] [10] . The water of the lake is mineral-alkaline, slightly salted.
Near the lake, the locations of ancient people Sungul I, Sungul II, Sungul III, Sungul IV, Sungul VI, Sungul VII , the parking of people of the Neolithic era - Sungul V. On the island of Bakla, monuments of the Eneolithic period - Bakla II , the late period of the Bronze Age - Bakla I and Bakla V , the location of the ancient people of Bakla III and Bakla IV were found [11] . In 1811, a schismatic monastery was built on the lake [8] .
In 1932, on the peninsula "Mendarkin Cape" between the lakes Sungul and Silach , a special-purpose sanatorium of the NKVD "Sungul" was built. In 1935, the sanatorium was transferred to the Chelyabinsk region. In 1939, the use of radon water began, in 1940 - therapeutic mud . During World War II , the rear evacuation hospital No. 3780 was located in the sanatorium. In 1946, the sanatorium was adapted to accommodate Institute “B” [12] (hereinafter Laboratory “B” [13] ) of the 9th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR (study of biophysics and radiobiology ). In 1955, it was liquidated, employees and equipment were transferred to NII-1011 ( Kasli-2 ), Combine No. 817 ( Chelyabinsk-40 ), URO AN SSSR ( Sverdlovsk ). In 1978-1992, part of the buildings was destroyed, the territory was deactivated [14] [15] [8] [16] . Nowadays, the territory and the remaining buildings are part of the Sokol village of Snezhinsk [17] .
Later, on the lake, but in a different place, the sanatorium of the same name was located [18] .
See also
- Big Sungul is a lake in the Kamensky district of the Sverdlovsk region.
- Maly Sungul is a lake in the Kamensky district of the Sverdlovsk region.
- Uvildy
Notes
- ↑ Map sheet N-41-2-A-b . Scale: 1: 25,000 .
- ↑ State Water Register . Sungul . textual.ru . Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia (March 29, 2009). Date of treatment December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.
- ↑ Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Understanding. T. 11. The Middle Urals and the Urals. Vol. 2. Tobol / ed. V.V. Nikolaenko. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1965 .-- 240 p.
- ↑ Chupin N.K. Cherry Mountains // Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of Perm Province . - Perm: Printing House Popova, 1873. - T. I. - S. 322-324 .
- ↑ Matveev A.K. Geographical names of the Urals: a toponymic dictionary . - Yekaterinburg: Sokrat, 2008 .-- S. 47. - 351 p. - ISBN 978-5-88664-299-5 .
- ↑ Chupin N.K. Arakul, mountain // Geographical and statistical dictionary of the Perm province . - Perm: Printing House Popova, 1873. - T. I. - S. 26-27 .
- ↑ Bright . Kasli city portal . Date of treatment June 26, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Emelyanov B. M., Gavrilchenko V. S. Laboratory “B”. Sungul phenomenon. - Snezhinsk: RFNC-VNIITF, 2000 .-- 440 p. - ISBN 5-85165-428-7 .
- ↑ Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences .: Series geographic and geophysical, Volumes 7-8 . - S. 175-176.
- ↑ Baranov V.I., Novitskaya A.P. Radioactivity of the Sungul peat mud // Abstracts of scientific research. USSR Academy of Sciences. Department of Chemical Sciences. - 1945 .-- S. 273 .
- ↑ Eremeev V.G., Konorkin V.M., Masloboeva N.M. Research on the lakes of the Middle and Southern Urals // Archaeological discoveries of 1977. Ed. Rybakova B.A. - M .: Nauka , 1978.- S. 172 .
- ↑ Order of the SNK of the USSR of February 15, 1946 No. 1996-rs. About the transfer of the NKVD of the USSR sanatorium "Sungul" and the placement in it of Institute "B" of the 9th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.
- ↑ Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers of October 24, 1947 No. 3640-1204 ss / op. About the organization of Laboratory “B” of the 9th Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR .
- ↑ Ryabev L. D. Atomic project of the USSR: Documents and materials. In 3 volumes. - Sarov: RFNC-VNIIEF, 2000. - T. II. Atomic bomb. 1945-1954. Book 2. - 640 p. - ISBN 5-85165-402-3 .
- ↑ Ninth Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR / V. Nekrasov // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vol.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ Kiselev G.V. Atomic General (on the 100th anniversary of A.D. Zverev) . SSC RF ITEF. "PRoAtom". (05/23/2011). Date of treatment June 26, 2019.
- ↑ State secrets of the Cape Mendarkin . Article dated January 30, 2015 in the newspaper " Evening Chelyabinsk . " Date of treatment June 26, 2019.
- ↑ Sanatoriums of the Urals with radon baths / "Sungul" sanatorium . sanatoriy-rossii.ru . Date of treatment June 26, 2019.
Links
- Mendarkin Peninsula and the Sungul Sanatorium - Article in issue No. 1 of 2005 of the local history magazine Kasli Almanac. Emelyanov B. M. Text on the website dk-rodniki.rf .