Klimenko, Vladimir Viktorovich

In 1966, he graduated from secondary school No. 46 in Moscow with a gold medal and entered the faculty of industrial heat power engineering of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI) .

1966-1972 - student, 1972-1975 - graduate student at MPEI. In 1975 he defended his thesis on the theme “Study of transitional and film boiling of cryogenic liquids”.

Since 1975, he worked at the Department of Cryogenic Engineering at MPEI: Junior Researcher, Assistant (1977), Senior Researcher (1978), Leading Researcher (1987), Professor (1988).

In 1985 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Processes of two-phase heat transfer with liquid cryoagents (boiling in a forced stream, transient boiling in a large volume) and the development of optimal methods for their calculation”.

In 1988, he organized and headed the Laboratory of Global Energy Problems at MPEI (in 1989-1997 as part of the Institute for the Safe Development of Nuclear Energy RAS).

In 1977-1978 he was an intern at the Department of Engineering Sciences at Oxford University ( Great Britain ). In 1988-1989, he was a visiting professor at the Technical University of Helsinki ( Finland ).

In 1991–93, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2012 and 2013 - scholarship holder of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany), he worked at the University of Westphalia ( Münster ) and the Rhine ( Bonn ) universities.

Member of the International Academy of Sciences, Russian and International Academies of Refrigeration, member of the Russian Geographical Society , National Geographic Society of the United States.

Honorary Power Engineer of the Russian Federation (2005). Honorary Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation (2009).

Brother - Academician A.V. Klimenko (born 1947).

V.V. Klimenko made a major contribution to the study of heat transfer during boiling and during two-phase flows. He performed a large cycle of experimental work on transitional and film boiling in a large volume. A hypothesis has been proposed on the analogy between heat transfer processes during film boiling and forced flow of a body around a gas stream, on the basis of which a unified theory of film boiling in a large volume has been developed and relations have been proposed for the heat transfer intensity on surfaces of arbitrary size and orientation at pressures from a triple point to a critical one ^{[2] [3] [4]} .

Extensive experimental studies of heat transfer in a forced two-phase flow in channels of different orientations have been carried out. Based on a generalization of all currently available experimental material, universal relations were obtained for calculating heat transfer in channels of arbitrary size and orientation. These ratios are widely recognized in the world, they have been included in reference books and manuals not only in our country, but also in the USA, India, Japan and Canada ^{[5] [6] [7]} .

A large cycle of studies of the film boiling crisis in a large volume has been completed, the dependence of the position of the crisis point on the pressure, type of liquid, material of the heating surface, its size and configuration has been established. Relations have been developed for calculating the position of the film boiling crisis point, which describe all known experimental data without exception ^{[8] [9] [10] [11] [12]} .

On his initiative, in 1988 the Laboratory of Global Energy Problems was created, the first in our country to begin extensive interdisciplinary research on the processes of interaction between energy production and consumption on the environment and climate, the creation and maintenance of comprehensive databases on the main anthropogenic and natural factors of climate, and the construction of forecasts for long-term consequences of the development of world energy.

A general scheme of the interaction of anthropogenic activity and climate has been developed, the role of large energy in modern climatic changes has been revealed for the first time, and the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors is compared. A hypothesis was expressed about the saturation of energy demand in a modern industrial society and the relationship of the level of saturation with climatic and geographical parameters. Based on this hypothesis, in the late 1980s, a genetic forecast was developed for the development of world energy, which found excellent agreement with real data for the last quarter century. As a result of a thorough analysis of the historical series of consumption of fossil fuels and other types of anthropogenic activity, accompanied by the influx of sulfur and nitrogen into the atmosphere, the series of emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the beginning of the industrial era were reconstructed for the first time and their forecasts for the coming decades were constructed, thereby creating a scientific base for the correct assessment of the contribution to the global heat balance of the currently least defined components - tropospheric sulfate aerosol and tropospheric ozone.

A box-diffusion model of the global carbon cycle was built, taking into account the real history of anthropogenic carbon emissions, and also having an improved description of the interaction of the atmosphere and the biosphere . Using this model, it was possible to forecast the current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere since the beginning of the 1990s with a relative error within 0.3% of the real values ​​and to suggest that doubling the pre-industrial concentration of CO2 is not possible in the next two centuries.

A thorough analysis of the main geophysical factors affecting global climate change - solar and volcanic activity, the Southern Oscillation Index was carried out. This analysis, based on the collection and extrapolation of both instrumental observation data and indirect information relating to earlier eras, made it possible to predict the onset of a secular minimum of solar activity in advance of twenty years and give an accurate forecast of its extrema in the past, 23rd cycle and current, 24th ^[13] . It was also shown that the increase in warm oceanic episodes (“super El Nino ”) observed at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries is not unique, since a similar episode also occurred at the end of the 17th century ^[14] .

The simple climate model developed by Klimenko reproduces in detail all the most important climatic events of the Late Holocene (the last 5 thousand years), including the period of modern instrumental observations (since 1850). This model made it possible to give an unprecedented accuracy forecast of the global average temperature over the past two decades, differing by only 0.03 ° С from the real values, and to predict a temporary stop of global warming at the beginning of the 21st century. According to further forecasts, the increase in global average temperature should not exceed 1 ° С during the current century, which excludes the scenario of a global climate catastrophe. This conclusion is of great importance for the development of a national and international energy development strategy, the fulfillment by Russia of its obligations arising from the Kyoto Protocol ( 1997 ). The model has also been successfully used to predict climate and environmental conditions in various regions of the Russian Federation (Central, Northern, Yamalo-Taimyr, Far East, etc.).

V.V. Klimenko conducts intensive paleoclimatic studies using various methods - palynology , dendrochronology , historical climatology (analysis of ancient texts). The result of these works, in particular, was the reconstruction of the Arctic climate over the past 600 years, Central Russia over the past one and a half millenniums, and the Amur-Zeya interfluve over the past 5 thousand years. He constructed climatic maps of the Northern Hemisphere for the warm era of the Middle Ages (X – XII centuries) and the cold era of early antiquity (VI – III centuries BC). Based on an analysis of historical sources, it was found that the climate of the Russian Arctic has experienced sharp fluctuations over the past 500 years ^{[15] [16]} .

In the works of V.V. Klimenko, an exhaustive comparative analysis of the chronology of climatic and historical events was carried out for the first time, covering sections of world history from the Neolithic revolution to the late Middle Ages. These studies establish the existence of a striking synchronicity of climatic and historical events in all parts of the world, which makes us take seriously the impact of climate on the historical process. The main conclusion of these works is the provision that the epochs of local climate deterioration (cooling or a decrease in the amount of precipitation) are the epochs that are most conducive to spiritual and material progress ^{[17] [18]} .

In 2003 and 2010, he was awarded the MAIK Science / Interperiodica Prize for a series of publications on global energy and environmental issues, and in 2007, the National Environmental Prize of the Russian Federation for achievements in the field of ecology and his contribution to the country's sustainable development.

V.V. Klimenko is the founder of the scientific school “Energy and Climate”, he prepared 15 candidates and doctors of sciences.

He has published over 270 scientific papers on thermophysics, energy , paleoclimatology, modeling of global processes, general and Russian history, including 11 monographs, including:

• Ametistov E.V. , Klimenko V.V., Pavlov Yu. M. Boiling of cryogenic liquids . - M .: Energoatomizdat , 1995 .-- 400 p. - ISBN 5-283-00265-9 .
• Klimenko V.V., Klimenko A.V. , Andreichenko T.N. Energy, nature and climate . - M .: Publishing House of MPEI, 1997 .-- 216 p. - ISBN 5-7046-0171-5 .
• Klimenko V.V. Climate of the medieval warm era in the Northern Hemisphere. - M .: Publishing House MPEI, 2001 .-- 100 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-7046-0647-4 .
• Klimenko V.V. Cold climate of the early subatlantic era in the northern hemisphere . - M .: Publishing House of MPEI, 2004. - 144, [20] p. - ISBN 5-7046-0953-8 .
• Kulpin E.S. , Klimenko V.V., Pantin V.I. , Smirnov L.M. Evolution of the Russian mentality. - M .: IAC Energy, 2005 .-- 194 p. - (Socio-natural history. Genesis of crises of nature and society in Russia). - 300 copies. - ISBN 5-98420-016-3 .
• Korotaev A.V. , Klimenko V.V., Prusakov D. B. The emergence of Islam: Socio-ecological and political-anthropological context . - M .: OGI, 2007 .-- 112 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-94282-104-6 .
• Klimenko V.V. Climate: an unread chapter of history. - M .: Publishing House of MPEI, 2009 .-- 408 p. - 600 copies. - ISBN 978-5-383-00362-6 .

Featured Articles

• Sleptsov A.M., Klimenko V.V. Generalization of paleoclimatic data and reconstruction of the climate of Eastern Europe over the past 2000 years // History and Present. 2005. No. 1.
• Klimenko V.V., Astrina N.A. Documentary evidence of strong climate variations in the Russian Arctic in the 15th – 20th centuries. // History and modernity. 2006. No. 1.
• Klimenko V.V., Tereshin A.G., Mikushina O.V. World energy and climate of the planet in the XXI century in the context of historical trends // Russian Chemical Journal (ZhRKhO named after D. I. Mendeleev). 2008.T. LII. No. 6. S. 11-18.
• Klimenko V.V., Matskovsky V.V. , Pakhomova L. Yu. Climate fluctuations at high latitudes and the development of North-Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages // History and Present. 2012. No. 2 (16).
• Klimenko V.V., Tereshin A.G. World energy and the global climate in the 21st century in the context of historical trends: The limits of growth // Universal and Global History. Evolution of the Universe, Earth, Life, Society / Ed. L. E. Grinina , I.V. Ilyina , A.V. Korotaeva . - Volgograd: Teacher, 2012. - S. 608-621. - 688 p. - (Library of the Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University). - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7057-3237-1 .

• How climate affects the world historical process (neopr.) . Lecture V.V., Klimenko at the "Lecture" (neopr.) . MIPT.
• The impact of climate change on history: V. Klimenko, head. lab. problems of energy MPEI. Lecture 1 | Scientific Russia
• How climate affects history: V. Klimenko, head. lab. problems of energy MPEI. Lecture 2 | Scientific Russia
• Anthropology - Vladimir Viktorovich Klimenko (analysis of the chronology of climatic and historical events)