Lupolovo (suburb of Mogilev)

Since the 15th century, Zadniprovsky Posad of Mogilev has been mentioned in historical documents. On the territory of the Zadniprovsky Posad there were once Lupolovskaya and Troitskaya hundreds. At the end of the 19th century, this part of Mogilev was given the name Moscow Suburb. However, the name “Lupolovo” is better known.

Trade routes to the south and east passed through this part of the city. Leather goods, which Lupolovsk craftsmen were famous for for centuries, were exported to Poland and the Baltic states . Trade was conducted with the cities of left-bank Ukraine. In addition to handicraft and trade, the inhabitants of the Dnieper region were engaged in agriculture, gardening, gardening (in particular, grew watermelons, apricots) and livestock.

Evidence of the development of handicraft and trade are street names. From the XVII century The famous streets are: Mstislavskaya, Chauskaya, Chernigovskaya, Olkhovskaya, Lupolovskaya, Goncharnaya, Aleinaya (the craftsmen who produced sunflower oil lived on it) and others. In 1604 there were 204 homeowners on the territory of Lupolov who had 214 hectares of manor and garden land . On the left bank of the Dnieper was a significant part of the city hayfields and 2,000 hectares of the royal forest, which belonged to the city. In the area of ​​Lyubuzh there was also a city mill.

The name of the village (suburb) “Lupolovo” is very ancient.

On the one hand, mainly tanners lived in this place, who “peeled the skin from animals”, therefore, most likely, later their place of residence was transformed into the name “Lupolovo”. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. on the territory of the Moscow suburbs there were 30 tanneries.

But there is another version. Lupolovo arose near the tract Robbery. It is possible that the name comes from the phrase "take a magnifying glass" - to collect tribute from passing merchants.

During the wars of the sixteenth and sixteenth centuries, the suburb and its inhabitants suffered greatly. Repeatedly destroyed buildings, plundered property of citizens. Because of the convenient flat terrain on the territory of the suburbs were stationed on an army stand, military maneuvers were carried out.

It was here, on the left bank of the Dnieper, in 1581 that the future conqueror of Siberia, Ermak Timofeevich , stood with his Cossacks and military men in preparation for the assault on the Mogilyov Castle .

In 1706, Tsar Peter I carried out an inspection of his army on Lupolovo, who arrived in Mogilev with Marta Skvoronskaya .

On September 8, 1708, during the Great Northern War (1700-1721), the army of Peter I, a few weeks after the robbery of Mogilev, who had been stationed here for about 2 months by the army of the Swedish king Charles XII , burned a flowering and rich merchant-trading city. Then the entire right-bank (along with the center) part of the city burned down. The wooden Lupolovo survived. Its inhabitants stole and hid all boats and other “crossing facilities” on time.

In May 1780, the Russian Empress Catherine II arrived in Mogilev to meet with the Austrian Emperor Joseph II . Especially for them, grandiose military maneuvers were arranged on Lupolovo.

In 1802, a military review was organized here for Emperor Alexander I , who showed a desire to see how armies operate in conditions as close to combat as possible. As a result, dozens of soldiers and local residents who came to see the spectacle were killed.

In the Dnieper region there were two Orthodox churches, a church , several synagogues .

Orthodox churches: Trinity (the name derives from the name of hundreds) and Peter and Paul. The parish of the Trinity Church was founded in the 16th century; the wooden church has been known since the 16th century. Since 1792, the stone Trinity Church, which was located almost on the banks of the Dnieper, adorned Lupolovo. The wooden Peter and Paul Church has been known since 1633. The construction of the stone church began in 1769. All churches were closed in 1929-1930. In part, they were damaged during the war years 1941–45. and finally destroyed in the 1950s.

In 1841–49, the Orsha – Dovsk route was laid through Lupolovo as part of the Petersburg – Kiev highway. In 1860, a bridge on pile supports across the Dnieper was put into operation. The engineer, colonel, author of the first Russian textbook on mechanics, Nikolai Yastrzhembsky, was directly involved in the design and creation of the road and bridge.

It was in Mogilev that he wrote the continuation of Gogol's “ Dead Souls ”. Published in Moscow, they were perceived by readers as an original, miraculously saved work of the great writer. Later, with great difficulty, N. Yastrebsky was able to convince literary scholars that this was a "hoax", and the author of the continuation was he, not Gogol.

The bridge across the Dnieper was destroyed during the Great Patriotic War .

In the second half of the nineteenth century. Lupolovo was famous for its brewers. "Lupolovskoe" beer was widely known even beyond the borders of Russia. In 1862 F. Lekert brewery was created, and in 1870 a brewery owned by E. Yannik was created.

In 1909-1910, Tishka Gartny (Dmitry Zhilunovich) worked in the tanneries of Mogilev, who later became a famous Belarusian poet, academician, and the first head of the BSSR government.

Soon after the October Revolution, Mogilev was first occupied by troops under the command of General Yu. Dovbor-Musnitsky , and then by German troops.

On May 23, 1918, the border between Kaiser Germany and Soviet Russia began to pass along the Dnieper. Soviet power entrenched in Lupolovo. The suburbs became a border town. On the bridge across the Dnieper from both sides (Soviet and German) sentries were exhibited.

May 31, 1918 at a meeting of representatives of the local population, which took place on Lupolovo, the Lupolovo district executive committee was elected. It is from this moment that the Soviet history of Lupolov and the Lupolovsky district , administrative units that had a separate status from the city of Mogilev, begins.

On June 10, 1918, the citizens of Lupolov declared their desire to remain in the RSFSR . And from 1919 to 1924, Lupolovo, like Mogilev, was part of Soviet Russia .

On March 3, 1924, Lupolovo was part of the BSSR .

In 1926, Lupolovo again became part of Mogilev. Lupolovsky district, and it consisted of 19 village councils, lasted until March 1931.

• Station Lupolovo
• Lupolovo death camp

• History of my city: Lupolovo or “take a magnifying glass”
• Lupolovo - what is it?
• Mogilev: Encycl. ref. / Owls. Encyclical .; Editorial: I.P. Shamyakin (Ch. Ed.) And others .-- Mn .: BelSE, 1990 .-- 472 pp., Ill.