Yuriev, Yuri Konstantinovich

He graduated from the classical gymnasium (1915) and entered the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University . In 1916 he was drafted into the army, so he had to interrupt his studies at the university for 2 years. After the army, at the beginning of 1918 he resumed his studies, and in the fall of that year he joined the Red Army. He served 6 years in the army, 2 of which are on the Southern Front. In 1923 he returned to the university and became a graduate student in the laboratory of N.D. Zelinsky (1925)

He became a senior assistant (1929), and in 1932 received the title of assistant professor, in 1935 he was awarded the degree of candidate of chemical sciences. In 1940 he defended his thesis on the topic: "The conversion of five- and six-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles into nitrogen and sulfur-containing heterocycles" for the degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences ^[2] . From 1941 to 1943 Professor Yuriev was the head of the Department of Organic Chemistry at Sverdlovsk State University. In 1943 he returned to Moscow, where he was appointed professor of organic chemistry and head of the specialty "chemistry of heterocyclic compounds." In the period from 1943 to 1964. - Deputy Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry A.N. Nesmeyanova .

He was married to Rosa Yakovlevna Levina , by profession an organic chemist, a specialist in the field of hydrocarbons.

He died on November 14, 1965 in Moscow.

Chemistry of oil. Contact transformations of hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds.

Yu.K. Yuriev performed the first work, “Catalytic Hydrogenation of N-Methylpyrrole and Dehydrogenation of N-Methylpyrrolidine” c. under the direction of N.D. Zelinsky. In the years 1929-1933. his works are devoted to the hydrogenation catalysis of pyrrolidine, decahydroquinoline and thiophan, as well as the study of oil ^{[3] [4] [5]} and the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons ^[6] . He was the first to aromatize gasoline and kerosene fractions by the method of dehydrogenation catalysis ^[7] . From 1934 to 1936 Yuryev together with R.Ya. Levina studied the cracking of dicyclopentyl, diphenyl, dicyclohexyl and decahydroanthracene ^[8] .

Mutual transformations of heterocycles.

In 1935, the reaction of mutual conversion of oxygen-, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and selenium-containing heterocyclic compounds was discovered, mutual transformations of the simplest five-membered heterocyclic systems were carried out ^[9] . He investigated the specific effect of the nature of the heteroatom, the size of the cycle, and the presence of substituents in it. Yuryev, together with employees, created standards that are necessary for the identification of cyclic sulfides contained in sulphurous oils. He explained the mechanism of formation of diene hydrocarbons formed from di- and 2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidines. Used the combined catalytic dehydration of diols with ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and amines for the synthesis of heterocyclic systems ^[10] (since 1936).

The classical reaction of the mutual transformation of heterocycles is called the "St. George's Reaction" ^{[2] [11]} . This reaction is used in industry to produce intermediates in the synthesis of certain drugs.

Chemistry of furan.

He studied the reactions of furan and its homologs with unsaturated compounds, the synthesis of mono- and diamines of the furan series ^[9] . For the first time, Yuriev carried out a rearrangement of the allyl type in halogenated methylfurans substituted at position 5. Yuriev Yu.K. and Novitsky K.Yu. developed a new method for the synthesis of 2- (β-aminoethyl) furans and found that the discovery of the α-oxide cycle of 2-vinylfuran oxide when interacting with ammonia is against the Krasuski rule ^[10] .

Chemistry of Furanidones-3.

Yuriev and Korobitsyna developed methods for the synthesis of furanidones-3 and furanidinediones-3,4, as well as a convenient method for the synthesis of 2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidinediones-3,4 by oxidation of selenium dioxide of the corresponding monoketones ^[12] (since 1948).

Acyloxysilanes in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.

Together with G.B. Elyakova and Z.V. Belyakova Yuriev was found and studied the method of synthesis of ketones and ketonic acids of a number of pyrrole and thiophene. It has been shown that silicic anhydrides of organic acids can be used to acylate compounds that contain a mobile hydrogen atom.

Chemistry of selenophen.

He studied the chemistry of selenophene ^[13] (since 1954), the properties of β-dicarbonyl compounds together with N.N. Mezentsova-Magdesieva, N.K. Sadovoy, M.A. Halberstam, E.L. Zaitseva (since 1959).

The results of the scientific activity of Yuriev are published in 450 scientific articles and monographs.

Created and read a new course "Synthetic methods of organic chemistry", as well as the course "Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds." In the same year, he and his colleagues created the program of a large workshop on organic synthesis.

He is the author of the textbook Practical Work in Organic Chemistry for chemical faculties.

Under the guidance of 150 dissertations, 32 master's and several doctoral dissertations were defended.

• Levina R. Ya., Yuriev Yu. K. Academician N.D. Zelinsky: (on the occasion of his 80th birthday) // Nature . 1941. No. 5. P. 103.
• Yuryev Yu. K., Levin R. Ya. Life and work of Academician Nikolai Dmitrievich Zelinsky / Scientific. ed. S.T. Ioffe; Moscow Society of Naturalists . - M .: MOIP, 1953. - 120 p. - (Historical series; No. 48). - 7000 copies.
• Yuriev Yu. K., Levina R. Ya. Life and Work of Academician Nikolai Zelinsky (monograph). M .: Publishing house lit. in foreign countries lang., 1958.
• Yuryev Yu. K. Practical work in organic chemistry: (Textbook for universities). 3rd ed. Vol. 1. M .: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1964.

• Prize of the D. I. Mendeleev All-Union Chemical Society (1940);
• MV Lomonosov Prize (1944) for the work “Converting Five- and Six-membered Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles to Nitrogen-Sulfur-and Selenium-Containing Heterocycles”;
• Stalin Prize (1946);
• Prize named after N. D. Zelinsky (1961);
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor ;

• Bibliography of scientific works of Professor Yu. K. Yuriev // Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds , 1966, No. 6, p. 803-817.
• Korobitsyna I.K., Novitsky K. Yu. In memory of Yuri Konstantinovich Yuryev // Journal of General Chemistry , vol. 36, no. 6, 1966, p. 957-966.
• Novitsky K. Yu., Magdesieva N.N. Yuri Konstantinovich Yuriev (1896-1965) // Moscow University Herald . Chemistry, 1966, No. 1, p. 118-120.
• Yuri Konstantinovich Yuryev [Obituary] // Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds, 1966, No. 1, p. 152-155.