Gruzino - the lost monument [1] of Russian classicism , the estate of A. A. Arakcheev (1769-1834), one of the most powerful dignitaries of the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the XIX century. It was located in the village of the same name in the Novgorod province , on the right bank of the Volkhov .
| Homestead | |
| Georgian | |
|---|---|
 Gr'uzino on an old postcard | |
| A country | |
| Location | |
| Status |  An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. Reg. No. 531620637600005 ( EGROKN ). (Wikigid database) |
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Park
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
History
Gr'uzino, owned by A. D. Menshikov at the beginning of the 18th century, was presented to Arakcheev by the kind emperor Paul I who favored him.
The estate was rebuilt in a very short time (1799-1814) according to the project of the classic architect F. I. Demertsov . At first, a summer palace was built, then six wooden wings, in 1806 - a stone St. Andrew's Cathedral on the site of an old wooden church and a stone palace.
In 1810, Gr'uzino was first visited by Emperor Alexander I , then he appeared here 10 more times.
Since 1815, Vasily Stasov was involved in the arrangement of the estate. Among the construction works built in the estate during this second period, the most noteworthy are:
- two stone pyramidal mooring towers of 1815 ,
- the high cathedral bell tower of 1822 ,
- a cast-iron colonnade of 1820 with a sculpture of I.P. Martos in the center, depicting the Apostle Andrew the First-Called .
Monumental sculptural monuments adorned the inside of the Gruzinsky Cathedral. Martos designed a monument to Paul I [2] , and Tom de Tomon drew a drawing according to which a monument was made to the officers of the Grenadier named after Arakcheev regiment , who died in 1812-1814 [3] .
Arakcheev died in April 1834 in his suburban residence, where he was buried. Due to the lack of direct heirs, by Decree of Nicholas I, the Gr'uzinsky volost with the estate was forever transferred to the Novgorod Cadet Corps (later renamed Arakcheevsky).
- Georgian in old photographs
Arakcheev House
Cathedral of St. Andrew
Cathedral bell tower
Marina with towers
Cast Iron Colonnade
In the years 1921-1922. - The organization of the museum in Gr'uzino was personally supervised by the head. Museum Fund V.I. Erykalov.
Under Soviet rule, the estate was “neglected and dilapidated”, although it had the status of a museum of history and life [4] . Finally, the buildings of the beginning of the XIX century were wiped off the face of the earth during the Great Patriotic War . Their location is marked with commemorative plaques.
Park
In 1998, by Decree of the Administration of the Novgorod Region of September 30, No. 389, the park at the site of the estate with an area of 46 hectares was declared a “Monument to landscape gardening (XVIII — XIX centuries).” Two surviving bronze lions from Gr'uzino were transported to Veliky Novgorod and installed at the main entrance of the Novgorod Museum of Local Lore in the Kremlin , near the monument “ Millennium of Russia ”.
A monument was erected in the garden to the first gardener in the estate, Isaak Konstantinovich, who planted a linden alley under Menshikov and, according to local belief, who lived for 125 years (1681-1806).
- Lithographed views of the village of Gruzino, 1821-24
Notes
- ↑ Raikov G.P., Murashova N.V. Noble estates of the Novgorod province: Gr'uzino estate of Count A.A. Arakcheev. St. Petersburg: Alaborg, 2010.S. 314.
- ↑ Pre-war photography
- ↑ Pre-war photography
- ↑ Article by N. V. Murashova “The architectural ensemble of the Gruzino estate - a work of F. I. Demertsov” (Panorama of Arts, No. 9, M., 1986.)
Literature
- Lashkov N. A. Andreevsky Cathedral of the village "Gruzino". - M .: Type. G. Lissner and D. Sovko, 1914 .-- 32 p.