George I ( French Georges I de Wurtemberg , German Georg I von Württemberg-Mömpelgard ; February 4, 1498 , Bad Urach - July 17, 1558 , Kirkel ) - Count of Montbeliard .
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Content
Young years
Georg was born in the second marriage of Heinrich Württemberg and Yves ( fr. Ève ), daughter of Count Zalmsky Jean IV .
In 1514, at the age of 16, George received the county of Harburg (Swabia), the Alsatian city of Riquewihr and Bilstein Castle . In 1519 his father passed away, and his older half-brother, the Duke of Ulrich , was deposed and expelled from Württemberg . Georg tried to give him armed support and was forced to also go to exile in Strasbourg .
On September 2, 1526, the exiled Duke of Ulrich sold the county of Montbeliard to George together with his subordinate lands, subject to a buyback . It is noteworthy that George I in his life was twice a sovereign of the county of Montbeliard . The first time, from 1526 to 1542 , at the time of the exile of his brother Ulrich Württemberg .
Protestant Movement
In 1531, George decided to join the Protestant Schmalkalden Union , which opposed the emperor Charles V.
Count George consolidates the Protestant reforms , together with Ulrich, invited the Protestant pastor Pierre Toussin to Montbeliard in 1535 , who became the manager of the "French Church" [2] of the city.
This historical era was marked in France by major religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants , while Catholicism practically disappeared in Montbeliard [3] . Soon, theological contradictions in Montbeliard arose between supporters of Calvin , whose orthodox trend was popular in France and Switzerland , and adherents of Luther , whose creed was actively promoted by the German princes . In the end, Lutheranism was finally entrenched in Montbeliard.
With the assistance of one of the leaders of the Schmalkalden Union (and future father-in-law) of the Landgrave of Hesse, Philip I , the exiled brother Ulrich was able to return to power in Württemberg. Ulrich bought back the Montbeliard county from George, and in 1542 appointed his 27-year-old son Christoph there as governor.
Ulrich died in 1550.
Under the terms of the Passau Treaty of 1552, the Württemberg gained the right to retain ownership of the county of Montbeliard, and in the next, 1553, the Duke Christoph transferred Montbeliard together with all the Montbeliard dependent lands to Georg, who became sovereign for the second time, moved to the castle of Montbeliard and ruled Montbeliard until his death in 1558.
Family and Children
Count George I married late, at the age of 57, of 19-year-old Barbara , daughter of an ardent admirer of the teachings of Luther Philip of Hesse , nicknamed the Magnanimous. There were three children in this marriage:
- Ulrich (1556-1557)
- Frederick I (1557-1608), who married Sybil the Anhalt (1564-1614), the daughter of Prince Anhalt Joachim Ernst (1536-1586)
- Eva Christina (1558-1575)
George I died in Zweibrucken (Germanic lands of Rhineland-Palatinate ). His only heir, the son of Frederick I , became the Count of Montbeliard and, subsequently, the Duke of Württemberg.
George I belonged to the eldest branch of the Württemberg house, the founder of which is considered to be his father Henry Württemberg . When in 1593 the son of the Duke Christoph Ludwig died without leaving an heir, the Duchy of Württemberg passed to the son of George, Count of Montbeliard Frederick I.
See also
- List of Counts and Princes of Montbeliard
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 136697925 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ The “French Church” was the church of Saint-Martin , where ordinary people came, as opposed to the “German Church” of Saint-Menboeuf in the castle of Montbeliard , where members of the princely family and relatives approached.
- ↑ Except for a short period when, at the insistence of Emperor Charles V, Catholicism was restored in Montbeliard.
Literature
- D. Seigneur. Le Roman d'un Principauté . - Besancon: éditions Cêtre.