Krasnov, Nikolai Petrovich (architect)

November 29, 1864 Nicholas was baptized in the Vvedensky church of the Novinsky monastery .

In 1876 , at the age of 12, Nikolai became a student of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture . It is believed that either S. M. Tretyakov or P. I. Gubonin helped him in this. The course of architecture was conducted by Moscow architects M. Bykovsky and P. Zykov and others. He studied for 10 years at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. In 1882 N.Krasnov finished the course of sciences and transferred to the senior design class. In the department of "Architecture" studied 30 special disciplines and took an extensive course in general subjects.

For his first project, “Fireproof Theater,” he was awarded the Small Silver Medal by the Moscow Art Society in 1883 . This award allowed to release N. Krasnov from tuition fees, which amounted to 30 rubles a year. At this time, he lived with his mother in Moscow in rather poor conditions.

In the competition for the Grand Silver Medal, the project “Grand Ducal Country House”, the future builder of palaces in Yalta failed due to “ambiguities in execution”.

In 1885, he received the Grand Silver Medal for the Gymnasium project. This award made it possible to receive the title of “class artist of the 3rd degree, the right to work independently in drafting and building buildings”, as well as to receive personal honorary citizenship, if the artist belongs to the upper class, and if not, then after 10 years differences in professional activities.

In October 1885 he graduated from college. In 1911, he was awarded the title of Architect of the Supreme Court, the rank of state councilor. In 1913 he received the title of academician of architecture.

He died on December 8, 1939 in Belgrade .

He was buried in the Russian sector of the Belgrade New Cemetery. The grave of the architect is located near the monument to Emperor Nicholas II , a former customer of his architectural works.

From 1887 to 1899 - the chief architect of Yalta .

In 1887 he moved to Yalta, on October 31, 1887, the City Duma approved the request of Nikolai Krasnov as a city architect with civil service rights, a salary of 900 rubles a year.

Appointed to the position at 24. He worked in the post for 12 years, from 1889 to 1911 he was engaged in private practice.

The young architect was fully responsible for resolving a wide range of issues related to the rapid development of Yalta as an all-Russian resort city.

The architect Nikolai Krasnov begins his work by expanding the embankment, which by 1913 became the main street of Yalta. In 1889, he began to develop a new plan for the development of the city. Under his tutelage, the city sewers were built, new streets were laid, and old ones were renamed. He limited the width of the streets and the height of buildings, eliminated the randomness of development in the city, built a gymnasium, a children's hospital, improved Pushkin Boulevard, strengthened the banks of the Wuchang-Su River with a retaining wall and a stone parapet, built two reinforced concrete bridges over the river, and reconstructed the port.

In the list of works executed by his own projects, personally compiled by Krasnov in 1913 for the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Krasnov lists over 60 significant buildings in the Crimea, most of which are palaces, villas, mansions.

Separate buildings and ensembles

As the chief architect of Yalta, he is involved in the construction of:

• Yalta Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky in the pseudo-Russian style, designed by architect L. I. Shapovalov - building curator, author of interiors and iconostasis;
• Church of St. Nina in Yalta;
• restoration project of the Bakhchisarai palace ;
• own mansion (1903) on Nikolaevskaya street in Yalta;
• mansion N. A. Baryatinsky in her estate “Selbillar” (now the sanatorium named after Kirov) and the created single estate complex - a two-story house in the style of the Italian Renaissance with 14 rooms with two outbuildings, a park, a fruit garden with a vineyard, farm buildings (construction from 1892 through 1894);
• Dulber Palace in Miskhor in the Moorish style for the Grand Duke Pyotr Nikolayevich, cousin Uncle Nicholas II ;
• the cottage of Y. P. Semenov in Simeiz in the style of English Art Nouveau;
• Villa "Ksenia" V. A. Chuykevich in the style of the so-called Northern Art Nouveau;
• the house of the merchant E.O. Maitop on Pushkin Boulevard in Yalta, in the spirit of the “Vienna Secession”;
• the house of teacher I.N. Zagordan on Dvoryanskaya Street in Yalta, in the spirit of the “Vienna Secession”;
• the church in the Gothic style (then it housed the local history museum, now returned to the parishioners);
• Haraks Palace (sanatorium "Dnieper") in the style of a Swiss chalet (a type of rural house), was built from 1905 to 1907 ^[2] ;
• Yusupov Palace in Koreiz ;
• Yusupov's hunting house in the village of Kokkoz (now Sokolinoe ), built in (1910);
• cottage "Murad-Avur" N. N. Comstadius in Miskhor;
• completed the construction of the building of the Bank of the Mutual Credit Society in Simferopol (1914-1915);
• cinema "Bayan" (now the Shevchenko cinema) in Simferopol (1914);
• Cottage Victoria S. Crimea in Feodosia (1914-1915);
• the cottage of N. S. Sviyagin in Simeiz (1914-1915);
• Sanatorium named after Empress Alexandra Fedorovna “for recovering and overworked” in the Massandra estate, built in 1915-1916. For this building, on February 9, 1917, the architect was awarded the title of State Councilor.

Livadia Palace

Livadia Palace (1909-1911) - the most famous building of the architect.

The ensemble of the palace was built by personal order of Emperor Nicholas II .

The construction of the famous Livadia Palace, the consecration of the foundation laying took place on April 23, 1910, but N.P. Krasnov conducted work on the project in the autumn of 1909, despite the difficulties of construction, bad weather, frosty winter, snowfalls - housewarming was celebrated on September 20, 1911 in Livadia.

The palace was built in the style of the Italian Renaissance, this style was called "gentle" in pre-revolutionary art criticism. The palace complex, the park, buildings decorated with marble carvings, sculptures, room interiors, ceremonial halls - were created in 17 months. The official surrender and consecration of the palace took place on September 14, 1911. The architect "pleased everyone, even the maids." When creating the Livadia Palace N.P. Krasnov showed outstanding engineering abilities, archives of construction work have been preserved.

The participants in the construction of the Livadia estate were awarded by the Ministry of the Imperial Court for the high level of execution of the royal order. Most honored, as Nicholas II put it, the most "hero of the occasion" - architect Krasnov.

Ranks, awards, honorary appointments followed one after another. On October 5, 1911, N.P. Krasnov was granted the title of Architects of the Highest Courtyard and was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree, on December 6 of that year he was assigned to the Main Department of Departments with the assignment of “technical supervision of all construction and furniture wallpaper work in the palaces and adjacent buildings ”, which were planned in subsequent years in Livadia. In October 1913, the Yalta architect was elected an academician by the Petersburg Academy of Arts and was approved as an outdoor adviser.

In 1919, he immigrated with his wife Anna Mikhailovna and daughter to the ship Bermudian to Constantinople .

In 1920-1922 he lived with his family in Malta . Since 1922 - in Belgrade .

In Belgrade, Krasnov got a job at the Ministry of Construction of the Kingdom of CXC, where he became an inspector of the Architectural Department, where for 17 years, until his death in 1939, he led the design team in the department of monumental buildings. Although Nikolai was his real name, as a sign of gratitude to the new fatherland on all projects, he signed as Nikola. Nikola Krasnov left the most significant mark in Belgrade architecture.

Works in Yugoslavia :

• registration of the residences of the ruling royal family of Karageorgievichs in Belgrade, in particular, the Royal Palace in the area of Dedinje ; designed for him an interior designed in the style of the Moscow Kremlin.
• family memorial church of the Karageorgievich dynasty on Oplenets ;
• participation in the design and construction of the building of the People’s Assembly (Parliament) in Belgrade - facade, part of the interiors (the building was laid in 1907, completed in 1936); park near the building and the fence;
• the current building of the Government of Serbia (then the Ministry of Finance), built in 1926-1928 and completed in 1938, also according to the project of Krasnov;
• the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (at that time the Ministry of Forest and Mines) - was built in 1926-1929 and was one of the largest buildings in Belgrade in the first half of the 20th century;
• State Archives Building in Belgrade;
• reconstruction of the mausoleum of Peter II Petrovich Nyegos (Nygoshev Chapel) on Mount Lovcen in Montenegro ;
• Serbian War Cemetery in Thessaloniki ( Union Cemeteries Zeytenlik );
• Serbian military cemetery on the islet of Vido at the entrance to the Greek port of Kerkyra .

On August 7, 2015, a monument to the architect Krasnov was unveiled on the embankment of Yalta. At the opening ceremony of the monument was attended by Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation on regional economic integration Sergei Glazyev . ^[3]

• Profile of N. P. Krasnov, who arrived in exile on about. Malta from Russia in 1920 ^[4] :

Arrived from Crimea on the Bermudian steamer in May 1919 with his wife Anna Mikhailovna 55 years old, two daughters Olga and Vera Nikolaevna 30 and 24 years old, son-in-law Croat Croat Leonid Vladimirovich 29 years old and grandson Vladimir 6 years old. Permanent residence - Yalta, Tauride province. In Russia, there were securities and shares in a bank in Moscow; financial situation - no funds; what kind of labor you want to receive - by profession; where he wants to go and when - to the Crimea, when it will be calm. Address: Malta, refugee home. Date of completion: June 25, 1920

• Academician F. G. Berenshtam , in an article entitled Pushkin’s line about Tauris, “The Magic Land, Joy of Eyes,” wrote ^[4] :

Relatively few architects who have the good fortune to build in such conditions. But N.P. Krasnov turned out to be so lucky.

• Nicholas II, one of the first to visit Kokkoz after the construction of the Hunting House was completed, wrote to his mother, Empress Maria Fedorovna, on November 9, 1911 ^[4] :

A week ago, the Yusupovs invited Olga, Tatyana, and me to their new Kokkoz estate (Tatar means blue eye) on the other side of Ai-Petri. House, just built arch. Krasnov in the old Tatar style; very beautiful and original.

• During his lifetime, N.P. Krasnov gained fame; articles on the architectural heritage were published in the journals " Art and the Art Industry " and " Architect " from 1898 . However, in 1925, the poet, artist, and literary critic Maximilian Voloshin made sharp criticisms of the architect.
• The year 2009 was declared in Yalta as the Year of the architect N. P. Krasnov in honor of the 145th anniversary of his birth and the 70th anniversary of his death in connection with his significant contribution to the creation of the historical appearance of Yalta ^[5] .
• In Yalta, Krasnov lived in his own house (now 19 Pushkinskaya St.), on the facade of which there are caryatids ^[6] . Then, for his services to the city, he was allocated a plot of land (now this is the territory of the Zarya boarding house.

• Creator Krasnov . A documentary from the series “Russians in World Culture”. With the participation of the Serbian architect Dragomir Atzovic. Vifsaida LLC by order of the State Culture and Entertainment Company Culture. 2017 Russia-Culture . 11/29/2017.

• Russian architecture
• Pseudo-Russian style ("Neo-Russian style")
• Baumgarten, Vasily Fedorovich
• Verkhovskaya, Roman Nikolaevich
• Stashevsky, Valery Vladimirovich

• Architect of the Supreme Court (a book about N.P. Krasnov) / N.N. Kalinin, M.A. Zemlyanichenko, A.Kadievich. - Simferopol: Business Inform, 2004.
• Kalinin N., Zemlyanichenko M. Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov // Architecture of the USSR . - 1990. - N 4. - S. 88-94.
• Scalamera J. Krasnov in Yugoslavia // Architecture of the USSR . - 1990. - N 4. - S. 95.
• Zoya Pozhetnykh “Journey from Kolomna to Tauris”, the newspaper Blagovestnik, No. 1 (165) January, 2007.
• A. Slivitsky "Good Lessons", the story "The Story of a House", 2001

• Krasnov Nikolay Petrovich (1864-19Z9)
• MIRACLES OF THE EARTH ARTS (Biography of architect N. Krasnov
• Architect of the Supreme Court. Monograph about N.P. Krasnov published
• Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich - Encyclopedic Fund
• BRONZE KRASNOV - a monument is being prepared for the architect in Yalta (inaccessible link)
• Russian Belgrade - Russian architects who worked in Belgrade
• Russian emigrants in the Orthodox Serbian cultural environment
• Kosik V.I. Russian architects. Monuments of memory - there is a list of works of N. P. Krasnov in Belgrade
• V.I. Kosik. Essays on Russian emigration in Belgrade (1920-1950s)
• Russian church art abroad. There is a bibliography of works about N.P. Krasnov
• Palace and Manor Character
• Nikolaј Petrovich Krasnov