System-112

• speeding up the response and improving the interaction of emergency services during public calls;
• the organization of convenient calling emergency services on the principle of "one window";
• reduction of social and economic damage due to incidents and emergencies;
• harmonization of the method of calling emergency services with the legislation of the European Union.

• reception by the operator at number "112" of calls and providing psychological support to the caller;
• analysis of incoming incident information;
• transfer of information about incidents to the DDS in accordance with their competence for organizing an emergency response;
• generating statistical reports on incoming calls;
• automatic identification of the number of the caller;
• automatic dialing to the caller in case of a sudden interruption of the connection;
• registration and documentation of all incoming and outgoing calls to the number "112";
• maintaining a database of incidents and response results;
• receiving calls in 5 foreign languages ​​(English, French, German, Spanish, Chinese) and, if necessary, additional ones.

In accordance with regulatory documents, the system-112 is formed on the basis of the unification of the unified on-line dispatch services of municipalities (EDDS), the Inter-district Situational Centers (MSC), the Regional Situational Center (RIC) and the on-line dispatch services (DDS) of the following emergency operational services:

• fire service;
• emergency response services;
• police services (MIA);
• disaster medicine services (in terms of operational interaction with the local TCMC and the transfer of information to it);
• ambulance services;
• emergency service gas network;
• Antiterror services.

Moreover, this list is not final and, if necessary, can be expanded within a specific region by decision of the executive authorities.

• The telecommunication subsystem is designed to receive and process calls arriving in a single service and transfer them to the corresponding duty dispatch services.
• An information and communication subsystem that processes information about received calls and ensures that information is received from the archive online;
• The subsystem of advisory services to the population is intended to provide information and reference assistance on issues of ensuring life safety (including via the Internet);
• Geoinformation subsystem that provides display on an electronic map of various characteristics of the territory, as well as the scene of the incident;
• The monitoring subsystem is designed to receive and process information and signals from sensors at controlled stationary and moving objects;
• The information security subsystem is designed to protect information and its processing facilities in system-112

The introduction of a unified system-112 has a number of obvious advantages, both for the population and for administrative authorities. We highlight some of them:

• Psychological

1. A number of only three digits is easy to remember, and most importantly, to remember at the time of the emergency. The victim does not need to think about which emergency service and which number is worth calling. With the introduction of a single number, access to emergency services for the population is greatly simplified, since the choice and notification of those responsible for responding to services falls on operators 112, who are able to correctly classify a call and transfer the task to specialized services.
2. Any appeal is recorded in the system and does not make it possible to leave it unattended. Citizens can be sure that no application will be left without a response from the responsible services and all actions to resolve the situation will be recorded. This awareness increases people's confidence in their own safety and reduces the level of stress in an emergency.
3. It is possible to connect appropriate specialists to the conversation of the operator with the subscriber, which allows to reduce psychological pressure on the person in a critical situation, to achieve a more detailed and clear picture of the incident and reasonable actions on the part of the caller.

• Economic

1. The use of system-112 implies the maximum automation of operators. When making a call to the 112 system, the operator receiving the call automatically generates and partially fills in a special situational card. For example, according to caller ID information, the phone number from which the call is made and information on this number (the owner of the number, his passport and other data) are already appearing in the card. The less work the operator has, the quicker the victim will come to the rescue and prevent or reduce the consequences of emergencies.
2. According to statistics, up to 70% of calls received by emergency services are false or just reference. System-112 operators take this burden on themselves, which reduces the number of emergency dispatchers and minimizes “useless” traffic to profile DDS.

• Administrative

1. The introduction of system-112 provides for the complete documentation of all stages of processing calls from receiving a request to the system to entering the response results into the database. All stages of message processing are recorded in special incident cards (situational cards), not a single action regarding the call will go unnoticed. Fixing and regulating the actions of operators allow you to strictly control the progress of response to a request, which increases the amount of data in the system, but gives a complete and reliable picture of the incident and displays the entire sequence of work with it. The availability of such information and access to it enables the MO administration, if necessary, to quickly respond to incidents and make effective management decisions.
2. System-112 should also become an important tool for monitoring the actions of special services, when each stage of receiving and responding to calls can always be tracked, and accordingly, the correctness of the actions of participants and their effectiveness can be assessed.

• Information

1. System-112 must accumulate in itself all the flows of information going from the population to the special services, between operators 112 and DDS, as well as between different DDS. All calls for all incidents to all special services fall into a single storage space, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the processing of information on incidents. Reporting on incidents comes down to choosing filtering criteria or simply using the necessary templates, rather than numerous and long interagency requests.
2. An important advantage of the implementation of the system-112 is the ability to assess the overall security situation in the region. Based on various reports on the operation of the system-112 and their competent analysis, it is possible to identify “weaknesses” in the regional security system and in the work of special services, and, accordingly, take measures to eliminate them.

• Communication

1. Thanks to the presence of a single communication and coordination center, which the system-112 becomes, the interaction of various special services is improved and a constructive exchange of information is established in order to organize the most effective response.
2. A complete communication process cannot be established without feedback. Therefore, the system-112 is capable of not only receiving information about incidents, but also, if necessary, informing the population about emergencies in a certain area, for example, by phone calling or sending SMS notifications.

• Political

1. Creating a full-fledged analogue of the European emergency call system by a single number 112 will allow Russia to take another big step towards integration with Europe and will raise the image of the country represented by its European partners.
2. Increasing the efficiency of incident response and monitoring the situation in the regions will contribute to improving the overall security situation in the country as a whole, which will allow Russia to increase its status in the international political and economic arenas.

• Technological

1. Creating a comprehensive technical solution for building a complete system-112 required developers and equipment suppliers to develop new technical solutions that meet the requirements prescribed in regulatory documents. The very process of creating a project of the system-112 is already contributing to the innovative development of Russia.
2. The universality of the system and its availability for receiving messages from any networks requires the closest collaboration of local telecom operators and equipment suppliers. The introduction of modern telecommunication solutions to obsolete communication networks is difficult and impractical in some cases. Therefore, the deployment of system-112 in the regions becomes a powerful incentive for the modernization of public networks and helps to increase the overall technological level of development of the subject of the Russian Federation.

The key problem standing in the way of the mass deployment of full-fledged segments of the 112 system in Russia was the issue of separation of powers between departments responsible for building the system ^[1] . Only in December 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree ^[2] , which clearly defined the areas of responsibility of various departments. In accordance with this document, the EMERCOM of Russia should coordinate the creation, development and operation of the 112 system, and the Ministry of Communications is responsible for organizing interaction with the public communications network.

The next obstacle to the rapid deployment of the system was the lack of funding for the project in various regions. It was assumed that funding will come from budgets of all levels: local, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and federal ^[3] . However, for example, in the Kaluga region, work began with funds from the local budget, but without the financial support of the center were suspended.

Separately, it is worth highlighting the problem of the lack of standard projects for the creation of the 112 system in Russia. So, due to the significant heterogeneity of the economic and geographical features of the regions, the project for St. Petersburg is not suitable, for example, for the Komi Republic . The lack of uniform technical standards gives rise to a lot of options for building a system in each specific region, which makes it difficult to choose and does not always fully satisfy the requirements of the coordinating bodies and the financial capabilities of the region. In December 2011, methodological materials on the creation of the 112 system in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, developed by the FSBI VNII GOCHS in cooperation with the members of the Federal Center for Scientific and Technical Information, which will overcome some technical problems, were sent to the regional centers and main departments of the EMERCOM of Russia ^[4] .

As a result, by mid- 2012, the only region in Russia where the 112 system was built, which serves a real flow of calls to emergency services, passed state tests and expertise of the All-Russian Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergencies FSBI - this is Kursk Region ^[5] .

In order to accelerate the implementation of the system-112 in Russia in July 2012, the government introduced to the State Duma a bill on a single telephone number "112" for calling emergency services, the first stage of its implementation started on January 1, 2013 . It is planned that the system-112 should work within three years throughout the country in all municipalities ^{[6] [7]} .

Since 2013, the number "112" has been approved as a single emergency call number for receiving fire and emergency messages in local telephone networks ^[8] .

In November 2013, in the Republic of Tatarstan, state tests of System-112 were carried out ^[9] . The test results were recognized as positive, and the system-112 of Tatarstan was the first in Russia to be put into operation.
In December 2013, Sistema-112 of the Kursk region passed the last third stage of state tests and was accepted for continuous operation ^[10] .

Centralized Scheme

It is actively used to build the 112 system in Europe, and is optimal for small areas with a high population density. It is characterized by the presence of a single call center (DSC) and data center (DPC) for the entire system. Building a system according to this scheme is cost-effective, but due to the centralization of functions, reliability decreases and the amount of traffic in the network increases significantly.

At present, this scheme has been implemented in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Benefits of the scheme:

1. single logical call center. A uniform quality of service for citizens is provided.
2. municipalities located on the territory of the subject do not incur additional costs for the creation of the infrastructure of System 112.
3. This technology can be easily scaled on the territory of other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Decentralized or Distributed Scheme

It seems to be the best solution for geographically distributed regions, allowing you to take into account the specifics of each of them. It is characterized by the presence of local data centers synchronized with a single regional data center, and the installation of call centers in each municipality or for a group of municipality. Building a system according to this scheme allows you to take into account the geographical and economic features of the region, but increases the duration of the design phase.

Cloud computing

Provides for building a system using a "cloud" platform. The services of call and data processing centers (call centers and data centers) are provided on the basis of a cloud service, which frees regions from the need to purchase server equipment. The solution seems to be cost-effective and quick to implement, but it creates dependence on the service provider and does not guarantee full protection of information.

• Emergency phone numbers

• Federal Law of 07.07.2003 No. 126-ФЗ On Communication
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 894 dated December 31, 2004 “On the approval of the list of emergency operational services, the call of which is obliged to provide the communication operator with the communication services round the clock and for free, and on the appointment of a single emergency call number”
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2008 No. 1240-r “On the Concept of Creating a System for Calling Emergency Services through Unified Number 112 Based on Unified On-Call Dispatch Services of Municipalities”
• Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2010 No. 1632 “On improving the system for providing emergency call services in the Russian Federation”
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 21, 2011 No. 958 “On the system for providing emergency call services by the single number“ 112 ””
• Methodological materials on the creation of a system for providing emergency call services under a single number "112" in the subject of the Russian Federation (SYSTEM-112)

• The official website of the system-112