Rafter (rafter system) - a supporting system of a pitched roof , consisting of inclined rafter legs , vertical racks and inclined struts. If necessary, the rafters are “connected” to the bottom by horizontal sub-rafter beams .
Content
Types of rafters
The rafters can be divided into open, hanging and hanging trusses with sleepers .
The ends of the rafters rest on the walls of the building, and the middle part (when flying between supports more than 4.5 m) - on the intermediate supports. The hanging rafters rest only on the walls of the building . Hanging rafters suit if the distance between the supports (opposite the outer walls of the building) does not exceed 6.5 m. The presence of an additional support allows you to increase the width covered by the rafters to 12 m, and two supports to 15 m.
Design
Rafters consist of:
- inclined rafter legs,
- vertical racks
- inclined struts.
The support of the rafters is made:
- in wooden block or chopped buildings - on the upper crowns ;
- in frame - on the upper harness;
- in stone houses - on Mauerlat bars 140–160 mm thick.
Mauerlat can be located along the entire length of the building or can only fit under the rafter leg. In the event that the rafter legs in the section are small in width, they may sag over time. To avoid this, it is necessary to use a special grille consisting of a strut, struts and a crossbar. For the manufacture of struts and struts use boards with a width of 150 mm and a thickness of 25 mm or wooden plates obtained from logs with a diameter of at least 130 mm.
To fix the rafter leg, a puff is used that connects the lower ends of the rafter legs of each rafter. When sliding on a tightening, the rafter end may violate its integrity. To prevent slipping, it is recommended to cut the rafter's foot into a puff with a tooth, spike, or both at the same time. Rafters are installed at a distance of 300-400 mm from the edge.
- A filly is a piece of a board that extends the lower end of the rafter's leg to place on it a roof overhang or a continuous crate lying on a cornice.
- Stencil - an element of the roofing system of the building, a shortened rafter leg, supporting the section of the slope between the sloping rafter leg and the roof overhang.
See also
- Roof
- Roof
- Celebration rafters
Literature
- Vorotyntsev Vladislav Alexandrovich. The construction of Norwegian frame houses. - Ekb: Ridero, 2016 .-- 146 p. - ISBN 978-5-4483-5576-9 .
- Shepelev A. M. "How to build a rural house." - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1976 .-- S. 184-191. - 352 p. - 150,000 copies.