Zalmay Khalilzad ( born Zalmay Khalilzad , Pashto زلمی خلیلزاد ) (born March 22, 1951 , Mazar-e-Sharif , Afghanistan ) is an American diplomat, ambassador to Afghanistan and Iraq . In January 2007 , US President George W. Bush nominated him for the post of US Permanent Representative to the United Nations . The first Muslim to have such a successful career in the US diplomatic service.
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A native of the Pashtun family Nurzai, a Muslim is a Sunni . In adulthood, he accepted American citizenship.
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Education
He graduated from the Lyceum of Gazi in Kabul ( 1968 ). He received bachelor and master degrees at the American University of Beirut ( Lebanon ). Doctor of Philosophy, University of Chicago ( 1979 ).
Analyst and Diplomat
- In 1979-1986, he was an assistant professor of political science at Columbia University.
- Since 1982, he was a research fellow at the Institute for the Study of War and Peace, the Council on Foreign Policy ( New York ), the National University of Defense, and the Institute for Strategic Studies.
- In 1985 - 1989 he worked in the US Department of State as a special adviser to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. He dealt with issues of the Iran-Iraq war and the Soviet war in Afghanistan, maintained close ties with the leaders of the Mujahideen.
- In 1989-1991, he was a senior political analyst at RAND Corporation and an associate professor at the University of California, San Diego .
- In 1991-1992 - Assistant to the Deputy Minister of Defense for Political Planning.
- In 1993-1999, he again worked at the RAND Corporation : he was the director of the program "Strategy, Doctrine and Military Structure" of the Air Force project. While working at RAND, he founded the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Senior Advisor to Afghan projects of the US oil company Unocal.
- In 2000 - 2001 , he was the head of the Bush- Cheney transition group for the Ministry of Defense, then adviser to the Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld .
- Since May 2001, he has been Special Assistant to the President of the United States and Senior Director for Southwest Asia , the Middle East and North Africa of the United States National Security Council. During this period, he was subordinate to the then adviser to the president on national security, Condoleezza Rice .
The author of more than 200 scientific papers, such as "Security of Southwest Asia"; co-author of the book “Government of God: Islamic Republic of Iran ” [1] .
Activities in Afghanistan and Iraq
Since December 2001, at the same time, the US President’s Special Representative for Afghanistan. He played a significant role in the coming to power in Afghanistan of President Hamid Karzai , who awarded Khalilzad with the medal of King Ghazi Amanullah. Contributed to the "Pashtunization" of the leadership of Afghanistan - promotion of key representatives of the Pashtun ethnic group.
In 2002-2003, he was in charge of maintaining contacts between the US administration and the Iraqi political opposition in the rank of special representative of the president and ambassador for the affairs of “free Iraqis”.
In 2003 - 2005 - the US ambassador to Afghanistan.
In 2005-2007 - US ambassador to Iraq . In this post, he advocated the active involvement of the country's Sunni community in the political process (as a result, the Sunni political parties took part in national elections and received representation in government, including in the government). According to Condoleezza Rice,
as our ambassador to Iraq in the past 18 months, coupled with extraordinary changes and trials, the Hall has courageously carried out its work, putting itself at great personal risk to help Iraqi reformers, responsible leaders, build the foundation of democracy in their country.
He considers the modernization of the Middle East the most urgent task of our time. In an interview with the German magazine Spiegel, he stated that
this region is characterized by “behavioral disturbances”, if I may use the term from the field of psychology here. Most of the problems faced by the United States, Europe and Asia originate here. Helping the Middle East is just as important a policy of containment in relation to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. I believe that military intervention is not always the right way to solve problems. A comprehensive strategy is needed to promote democratization, economic reform and women's equal rights.
Permanent Representative to the United Nations
According to an analyst at the Washington Peace Institute, Daniel Seruer, Khalilzad’s appointment as permanent representative to the UN indicates that President Bush is seeking a common language with a wide range of international players: This is a signal that the United States will be more attentive to the UN and expect more help from the UN. Without a strong diplomatic component, it is impossible to create a successful Iraqi strategy.
Notes
- ↑ Benard, Cheryl, Zalmay Khalilzad. "The Government of God": Iran's Islamic Republic . - New York: Columbia University Press, 1984. - T. 15. - 240 p. - (Modern Middle East Series). - ISBN 978-0231053778 .
Links
- Khalilzad, Zalmay - an article in the Lentapedia . year 2012.
- Biography
- Interview with Spiegel Magazine
- Orientalists in the price of Bush
- US sends Muslim immigrant to UN
- Zalmay Khalilzad Publication List