Thuja folding , or Thuja gigantskaya ( lat. Thuja plicata ) is a species of gymnosperms of the genus Tui ( Thuja ) of the family Cypress ( Cupressaceae ).
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Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Thuja gigantea nutt. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Names in other languages: English Western Red Cedar [1] .
Informal titles: Western Red Cedar , Red Cedar , Canadian Red Cedar [2] [3] [4] .
Content
Dissemination and ecology
In nature, the species range covers northwestern North America , mainly the coastal strip of the Pacific Ocean between 40 ° and 60 ° northern latitudes - in Canada , Alberta and British Columbia ; in the USA - southern Alaska , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Washington and northern California [1] . It grows with pure plantings or in a mixture with Yelya Sitkhinskaya , Tsugoy western , Fir pretty ; in the mountains - with Western Larch, Western White Pine , Monochrome Fir and other species.
It is rather demanding to soils, but it develops best on moist, fertile, powerful, well- drained soils. Occurs in lowland, wetlands, river banks, near the sea, where it reaches the largest size. In the mountains it grows along shady slopes. At the border of the spread goes into shrub form.
Shade tolerant and wind resistant.
Seed germination of 50-75%. The life span of the plant is 500-800 years.
Top down. The bark of an adult tree. A branch with young cones. A branch with old cones. |
Botanical description
Trees with a height of 45-60 (up to 75) m and a trunk diameter of 120-240 cm, with a pyramidal or conical crown , horizontal branches and slightly drooping, flat shoots .
The bark is fissured, fibrous, reddish-brown, 1–2.5 cm thick.
The leaves on the upper side of the shoots are glossy-green, on the bottom - with whitish stripes. Lateral leaves - navicular folded.
Cones oblong-oval, 10–12 cm long, consist of 4–6 pairs of scales, of which 2–3 pairs carry 3 seeds each . The seeds are flat, with two wings. In 1 kg - 450-1100 thousand seeds.
Meaning and application
It has durable valuable wood used for building finishes, carpentry, fences, poles, etc.
All forms of thuja folded are very decorative. The typical form is good for the formation of dense groups, alleys; dwarf - for stony sites; weeping - for single landings on the lawn and near the water; forms with colored needles to create contrasting compositions. It is recommended for landscape gardening construction in the southern regions of Russia .
Introduced in Europe in 1853 . Cultivated as ornamental in gardens and parks. It grows well in England , France , Germany and several other countries.
It is successfully combined with pseudo-cusp , yellow pine , cypress , fir and other types of hemlock .
Classification
Varieties
In nature, in the framework of the species there are two varieties:
- coastal - growing in a rather humid and warm climate;
- mountain ( eastern ) - preferring more continental conditions.
In the decorative park economy using the following forms of thuja folded:
- Thuja plicata f. atrovirens Sudw. - with dark green needles;
- Thuja plicata f. fastigata Schneid. - with columnar crown;
- Thuja plicata f. pendula Schneid. - with a weeping crown shape.
Taxonomy
The species Thuja folded is included in the genus Tui ( Thuja ) of the family Cypress ( Cupressaceae ) of the Pine order ( Pinales ).
| 6 more families | 4 more species | ||||||||||||
| Pine order | genus Tui | ||||||||||||
| department Gymnosperms | Cypress family | view Thuja folded | |||||||||||
| another 13-14 orders of gymnosperms | 29 more genera | ||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 According to the GRIN website (see the plant card).
- ↑ Countries of the world. Geography of Canada
- ↑ Hugh McLennan, "Seven Rivers of Canada", edited and commented by A.I. Cherkasov, M., Progress, 1990, comment 102, p.276
- ↑ In fact, “Canadian red cedar” has nothing to do with cedars, just like the Siberian cedar (Pinus sibirica), Korean cedar (Pinus koraiensis), Canadian white cedar ( Tuya western ), Alaskan cedar ( Callithropsis nutkansky ) . "The real cedar in Canada does not grow, ... its wonderful properties are so vividly described in the Bible that many people" could not resist "not to use this famous name to name the most valuable tree species in the newly developed areas" (candidate of geographical sciences A. I. Cherkasov). Canadians are no exception, and therefore gave the name Western Red Cedar (Western Red Cedar) tue folded. Calc name stuck on our open spaces more than a scientific name
Literature
Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. Volumes S. Ya. Sokolov and B. K. Shishkin . - M. - L .: Publ . - S. 304-305. - 464 s. - 3000 copies