Californian feline shark-parmaturus [1] ( Parmaturus xaniurus ) is a common, but poorly understood, deep-sea species of the genus of feline sharks-parmaturus ( Parmaturus ) of the feline shark family ( Scyliorhinidae ). It lives in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean . The maximum size is 61 cm.
| California feline shark |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| View: | California feline shark |
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| International scientific name |
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Parmaturus xaniurus ( Gilbert , 1892) |
| Area |
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| Security status |
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Not enough data IUCN Data Deficient : 60231 |
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Content
It was first described in 1892 in the journal Proceedings of the United States National Museum [2] . The lectotype is a female 54.3 cm long, caught off the coast of southern California at a depth of 336β1251 m [3] .
These bottom sharks live in the eastern Pacific Ocean , on the outer edge of the continental shelf and on the upper mainland slope from Oregon ( USA ) to the Gulf of California ( Mexico ) at a depth of 91β1251 m. Immature sharks lead a mesopelagic lifestyle, they can be found 500 km away from the coast at a depth of over 1000 m [4] [5] .
The California feline shark-parmaturus has a wide rounded muzzle. The nostrils are framed by triangular leather folds. The base of the first dorsal fin is located slightly behind the base of the ventral fins. The first and second dorsal fins are approximately the same size. A crest of enlarged scales lies along the ventral border of the caudal fin and caudal stem. The second dorsal fin is smaller than the anal fin. Its base is located opposite the base of the anal fin.
The maximum size is 61 cm. Propagated by laying a pair of eggs at a time. Reproduction occurs year round, but most intensively from July to September. The mating season lasts from April to June. [4] [6] . Females prefer to lay eggs in the same places at a depth of 300-400 m. The size of newborns is 7-10 cm [4] [6] . Males and females reach puberty with a length of 37.5β42.5 and 42.5β48.5 cm, respectively. The diet of these sharks includes a variety of bony fish, for example, luminous anchovies and invertebrates . A high concentration of squalene was found in the liver of these sharks, which is characteristic of deep-sea fish. Squalene provides them with neutral buoyancy. The enlarged gill region indicates that Californian feline sharks-parmaturus live in conditions of low oxygen concentration [7] [8] [9] . The eggs of these sharks can become prey for scorpion , starfish and gastropods [10] .
There is no danger to humans. It has no commercial value. As by- catch, it regularly falls into bottom deep-sea trawls and traps for coal fish . There is insufficient data to determine the conservation status of the species [10] .
- β Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- P. 26 .-- 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- β Gilbert. Descriptions of thirty-four new species of fishes collected in 1888 and 1889, principally among the Santa Barbara Islands and in the Gulf of California. In: Scientific results of explorations by the US Fish Commission steamer Albatross. v.14 = Proceedings of the United States National Museum. - 1892. - S. 540 .
- β http://shark-references.com (unopened) . Date of treatment August 3, 2012. Archived October 1, 2012.
- β 1 2 3 Cross, JN 1988. Aspects of the biology of two scyliorhinid sharks, Apristurus brunneus and Parmaturus xaniurus, from the upper continental slope off southern California. Fishery Bulletin 86 (4): 691-702.
- β Ebert, DA 2003. Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. University of California Press, Berkeley.
- β 1 2 Flammang, BE 2005. Distribution and reproductive ecology of deep-sea catsharks (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) of the eastern North Pacific. Unpublished Master of Science thesis, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University Monterey Bay.
- β Roedel, PM and WE Ripley, 1950. California sharks and rays. Fish Bull.Calif.Dep.Fish Game, (75): 88 p
- β Miller, DJ and RN Lea, 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Fish.Bull.Calif.Dep.Fish Game, (157): 235 p.
- β Springer, S., 1979. A revision of the catsharks, Family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA Tech.Rep.NMFS Circ., (422): 97 p.
- β 1 2 Flammang, BE, Ebert, DA & Cailliet, GM 2006. Parmaturus xaniurus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 August 2012.
