Peasant uprising Matija Gubets - the uprising of peasants in 1573 on part of the Croatian and Slovenian lands against local feudal lords under the leadership of Matija Gubets . Named after the leader - the Croatian peasant Matija Gubec. The reason for the uprising was the intensification of feudal exploitation. [1] The uprising lasted 12 days, it was bloodyly suppressed. In Croatia it is known as Seljačka buna (Peasant War).
Content
Background
At the end of the XVI century, the Habsburg monarchy , which then included Croatia , was forced to significantly increase military spending in connection with the confrontation of the Turks in the Balkans , which led to an increase in taxes, corvee and general strengthening of the oppression of the peasantry. This, in turn, led to the spread of mass discontent and rebellious sentiments among Croatian and Slovenian peasants. The immediate cause for the uprising was the atrocities perpetrated against the peasants by Baron Franjo Taha in their possessions in the Croatian Zagorje .
Rebellion
An uprising broke out on January 28, 1573 . The center of the uprising was the area of Donji-Stubitsa and Gornji-Stubitsa , but in the first days it spread to all of Zagorje, as well as Styria and Krajina . The leaders of the rebellion were Matia Gubets and Ilya Gregorich , the latter with a two-thousandth detachment marched into Slovenian lands with the aim of supporting the Krainy rebels. The rebels put forward political demands, including the weakening or abolition of feudal duties and requisitions, the expansion of peasant self-government. During the movement, some of its leaders put forward the idea of creating a peasant state, which would have been to protect the country from the Turks on their own.
In the early days, the rebels achieved significant success, taking control of large territories in the northern Croatian and southern Slovenian lands, as well as capturing a number of key fortresses and castles. The Croatian feudal lords, convinced of the impossibility of coping with the peasant troops on their own, turned for help to the emperor, who sent regular troops against the rebels.
On February 5, the imperial army, commanded by Captain Turn, defeated the detachment of Ilya Gregorich near Brezhitsa . The next day, another peasant detachment was brought to submission near Samobor . The decisive battle took place on February 9 at the Stubich Field. The 10,000th army of Matiya Gubets fought fiercely, but after a bloody four-hour battle was defeated. Gubets was captured, after numerous tortures he was quartered on February 15 in Hradec . Over 3,000 peasants died in the fighting, many of those captured were executed after the defeat of the uprising.
Memory
The theme of the peasant uprising of 1573 was addressed by many writers and poets. One of the most famous novels of the famous Croatian writer Augustus Chenoa is called “Peasant Uprising” (Seljačka buna). In 1975, the Yugoslav film “Anno Domini 1573” was staged based on this novel. Also, the works of the Croatian writer Miroslav Krleži , Slovenian poet Anton Ashkherts and others are devoted to the uprising of Gubets. The famous Croatian artist Oton Ivekovich became the author of the painting “Execution of Matija Gubets”. The uprising of Gubec is devoted to the exposition of two museums - in the Croatian Gorno-Stubica and Slovenian Krsko .
Notes
- ↑ A.M. Prokhorov. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - Third edition. - Moscow: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1972.
Literature
- Bromley Yu.V. Peasant uprising of 1573 in Croatia, M., 1959
Links
- “The Lips of Mathia Uprising 1573” // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia
- Lip of Mathia rebellion 1573 // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Site of the Peasant Uprising Museum in Gorne Stubica