The list lists the leaders of states as of 1935 . In the event that the leading role in the state is played by the communist party , both the de jure head of state — the chairman of the highest body of state power — is indicated, and de facto — the head of the communist party.
The list does not include heads of associated states , mandated and autonomous territories . If in 1935 there was a change of leader in any state, both of them are listed in the list. If the state has changed the flag, both flags are also indicated.
To the right of the text are images of politicians who first came to power in 1935.
The exact dates of the change of board are given only for 1935. Other years of change of power are given by reference to the corresponding lists of heads of state and government by year.
The countries in which a change of government took place in a given year as a result of the following events are highlighted in color:
- Obtaining a country's independence ;
- Military coup, revolution, general uprising ;
- Presidential election ;
- parliamentary elections; parliamentary crisis ;
- The death of one of the leaders of the country ;
- Other reasons .
Significant events
For states and their leaders this year is marked by the following events:
Below is a list of the heads of state as of 1935.
List of Heads of State in 1934 - 1935 - List of Heads of State in 1936 - List of Heads of State by Year
See also: | List of religious leaders in 1935 | List of colonial governors in 1935
List of Heads of State and Government of the World in 1935
| Flag | State | Rulers and dates of government | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia - Australian Union (Commonwealth of Australia) | King George V ( 1910 - 1936 ) Governor General Isaac Isaacs ( 1931 - 1936 ) Prime Minister Joseph Lions ( 1932 - 1939 ) [1] | ||
| Austria - the Austrian Republic (Republik Österreich). | Federal President Wilhelm Micklas ( 1928 - 1938 ) Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg ( 1934-1938 ) [2] | ||
| Albania - Albanian Kingdom (Mbretëria Shqiptare) | King Zog I Scanderbeg III ( 1928 - 1939 ) Prime Ministers : * Pandeli Evangzheli ( 1930 - 1935 ) * Mehdi Abdul Bey Frascheri ( October 22, 1935 - 1936 ) [3] | ||
| Andorra - Principality of Andorra (Principat d'Andorra, Principado de Andorra, Principauté d'Andorre) | Dracius Albert Lebrun ( 1932 - 1940 ) (France); Housti Guitart-i-Vilardebo ( 1920 - 1940 ) The first syndicate of the General Council Pere Torres ( 1933 - 1936 ) [4] | ||
| Argentina - Argentina Republic (República Argentina) | President Agustin Pedro Justo ( 1932-1938 ) [5] | ||
| Afghanistan - Kingdom of Afghanistan (ادشاهي افغانستان) | King Mohammed Zahir-Shah ( 1933 - 1973 ) Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Khan ( 1929 - 1946 ) [6] | ||
| Bahrain - Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين) | Hakim Hamad ibn Isa al-Khalifa ( 1932 - 1942 ) [7] | ||
| Belgium - Kingdom of Belgium (Koninkrijk België, Royaume de Belgique) | King Leopold III ( 1934 - 1951 ) Prime Ministers : * Georges Shadows ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Pr 1] * Paul van Seeland ( March 25, 1935 - 1937 ) [Ex 2] [8] | Paul van Seeland | |
| Bulgaria - The Third Bulgarian Kingdom (Kingdom of Bulgaria) | Tsar Boris III ( 1918 - 1943 ) Prime Ministers : * Kimon Stoyanov Georgiev ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Ex 3] * Pencho Zlatev ( January 22 - April 21, 1935 ) [Pr 4] * Andrey Toshev ( April 21 - November 23, 1935 ) [Ex 5] * Georgy Koseivanov ( November 23, 1935 - 1940 ) [Pr 6] [9] | ||
| Bolivia - Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) | President Jose Luis Tejada Sorsano ( 1934 - 1936 ) [10] | ||
| Brazil - United States of Brazil (República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil) | President Getulio Dornelis Vargas ( 1930 - 1945 ) [11] | ||
| Brunei (Brunei) | Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin ( 1924 - 1950 ) | ||
| Bhutan - Butane Kingdom (འབྲུག་ ཡུལ་) | King Jigme Wangchuk ( 1926 - 1952 ) [12] | ||
| Vatican (Status Civitatis Vaticanæ) | Sovereign ( Pope ) Pius XI ( 1929 - 1939 ) The Holy See Secretary of State of the Holy See Eugenio Pacelli ( 1930 - 1939 ) [13] | ||
| United Kingdom - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) | King George V ( 1910 - 1936 ) Prime Ministers : * James Ramsay MacDonald ( 1929 - 1935 ) [Ex 7] * Stanley Baldwin ( June 7, 1935 - 1937 ) [Ex 8] [14] | ||
| Hungary - Kingdom of Hungary (Magyar Királyság) | Regent Miklos Horthy ( 1920 - 1944 ) Prime Minister Gyula Goemboshi ( 1932 - 1936 ) [15] | ||
| Venezuela - United States of Venezuela (Estados Unidos de Venezuela) | Presidents : * Juan Vicente Gomez ( 1931 - 1935 ) [Ex 9] * Eleasar Lopez Contreras ( December 17, 1935 - 1941 ) [Pr 10] [16] | Eleasar Lopez Contreras | |
| Haiti - Republic of Haiti (République d'Haïti) | President Stenio Joseph Vincent ( 1930 - 1941 ) [17] | ||
| Guatemala - Rep. Of Guatemala (República de Guatemala) | President Jorge Ubico ( 1931 - 1944 ) [18] | ||
| Germany - German Empire (Deutsches Reich) | The Fuhrer Adolf Hitler ( 1934 - 1945 ) Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler ( 1933 - 1945 ) [19] | ||
| Honduras - Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras) | President Tiburcio Carias Andino ( 1933 - 1949 ) [20] | ||
| Greece - Hellenic Republic (Βʹ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), from October 10, 1935, the Kingdom of Greece (Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος) | President Alexandros Zaimis ( 1929 - 1935 ) [Ex 11] Regent Georgios Condilis ( October 10 - November 22, 1935 ) [Ex 12] King George II ( November 10, 1935 - 1947 ) [Pr 13] Prime Ministers : * Panagis Tsaldaris ( 1933 - 1935 ) [Ex 14] * Georgios Condilis ( October 10 - November 30, 1935 ) * Konstantinos Demercis ( November 30, 1935 - 1936 ) [ Ex 15] [21] | ||
| Denmark - Kingdom of Denmark (Kongeriget Danmark) | King Christian X ( 1912 - 1947 ) Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ( 1929 - 1942 ) [22] | ||
| Dominican Republic (República Dominicana) | President Rafael Leonidas Trujillo-i-Molina ( 1930 - 1938 ) [23] | ||
| Egypt - the Kingdom of Egypt (المملكة المصرية) | King of Egypt Ahmed Fouad I ( 1922 - 1936 ) Prime Minister Mohammed Taufik Nazim Pasha ( 1934–1936 ) [24] | ||
| Iraq - Kingdom of Iraq (المملكة المراقية) | King Gazi I ( 1933 - 1939 ) Prime Ministers : * Ali Javdat al-Ayubi ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Ex 16] * Jamil al-Midfai ( March 1 - 16, 1935 ) [Ex. 17] * Yasin al-Hashimi ( March 17, 1935 - 1936 ) [Ex 18] [25] | Jamil al-Midfai | |
| Iran - Shahanshah State of Iran (دولت شاهنشاهی ایرا) | Shahinshah Reza Pahlavi ( 1925 - 1941 ) Prime Ministers : * Mohammed Ali Foragi ( 1933 - 1935 ) * Mahmud Jam ( December 2, 1935 - 1939 ) [26] | Mahmoud Jam | |
| | Ireland - Irish Free State (Saorstat Éireann) | King George V ( 1910 - 1936 ) Governor-General Donald Buckley ( 1932 - 1936 ) Prime Minister Eamon de Valera ( 1932 - 1948 ) [27] | ||
| Spain - Spanish Republic (República Española) | President Niceto Alcala Zamora-i-Torres ( 1931 - 1936 ) Government Chairs : * Alejandro Lerrus Garcia ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Ex. 19] * Joaquin Chapapriet ( September 25 - December 14, 1935 ) [Ex 20] * Manuel Portela Valladares ( December 14, 1935 - 1936 ) [Ex 21] [28] | ||
| Italy - Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) | King Victor Emmanuel III ( 1900 - 1946 ) Chairman of the Council of Ministers Benito Mussolini ( 1922 - 1943 ) [29] | ||
| Yemen - Yemeni Mutawakkilian Kingdom (المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية) | Imam of the Hamiddin dynasty Yahya ibn Mohammed Hamidaddin ( 1918 - 1948 ) [30] | ||
| Canada (Canada) | King George V ( 1910 - 1936 ) Governor-General : * Vir Ponsonby, Count Bessborough ( 1931 - 1935 ) * Lyman Pur Duff ( September 29 - November 4, 1935 ) [Ex 22] * John Bucken, Baron Twidsmoor ( November 4, 1935 - 1940 ) Prime Ministers : * Richard Bedford Bennett ( 1930 - 1935 ) [Ex 23] * William Lyon Mackenzie King ( October 23, 1935 - 1948 ) [Ex. 24] [31] | John Buck, Baron Twidsmoor | |
| Republic of China (中華民國) | National Government Chairman Lin Seng ( 1931 - 1943 ) Chairs of the Executive Yuan : * Wang Jingwei ( 1932 - 1935 ) [Pr. 25] Chiang Kai-shek ( December 7, 1935 - 1938 ) [32] | ||
| Colombia - Republic of Columbia (República de Colombia) | President Alfonso López Pumarejo ( 1934–1938 ) [33] | ||
| Costa Rica - Republic of Costa Rica (República de Costa Rica) | President Romualdo Jimenez Oreamuno ( 1932 - 1936 ) [34] | ||
| Cuba - Republic of Cuba (República de Cuba) | Presidents : * Carlos Mendieta Montefur ( 1934 - 1935 ) [ Ex 26] * Jose Agrippino Barnet ( December 11, 1935 - 1936 ) [Ex 27] [35] | Jose Agrippino Barnet | |
| Latvia - the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika) | President Albert Kviesis ( 1930 - 1936 ) Prime Minister Karlis Ulmanis ( 1934 - 1940 ) [36] | ||
| Liberia - Republic of Liberia (Republic of Liberia) | President Edwin Barkley ( 1930 - 1943 ) [37] | ||
| Lithuania - Lithuanian Republic (Lietuvos Respublika) | President Antanas Smetona ( 1926 - 1940 ) Prime Minister Juozas Tubelis ( 1929 - 1938 ) [38] | ||
| Liechtenstein - Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein) | Prince Franz I ( 1929 - 1938 ) Prime Minister Josef Hoop ( 1928 - 1945 ) [39] | ||
| Luxembourg - Great Luxembourg State (Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Großherzogtum Luxemburg) | Grand Duchess Charlotte ( 1919 - 1964 ) Prime Minister Joseph Besh ( 1926 - 1937 ) [40] | ||
| Manzhou-go - Great Manchu Empire (大 滿洲 帝國) Partially recognized state controlled by Japan. | Emperor Pu Yi ( 1934 - 1945 ) Prime Ministers : * Zheng Xiaoxu ( 1932 - 1935 ) [Ex 28] * Zhang Jinghui ( May 21, 1935 - 1945 ) [Ex 29] [41] | Zhang Jinghui | |
| Mexico - Mexico United States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) | President Lazaro Cardenas y del Rio ( 1934 - 1940 ) [42] | ||
| Monaco - Principac de Monaco | Prince Louis II ( 1922 - 1949 ) Minister of State Maurice Bullo-Lafont ( 1932 - 1937 ) [43] | ||
| Mongolia - Mongolian People’s Republic (Mongolia) (Bügd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Uls) | Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party Khas-Ochiirn Luvsandorzh ( 1934 - 1936 ) Chairman of the Presidium of the Small People’s Khural Anandin Amar ( 1932 - 1936 ) Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Palzhidiin Gunden ( 1932 - 1936 ) [44] | ||
| Nepal - the Kingdom of Nepal (Nepal Adhirajya) | King Tribhubana ( 1911 - 1955 ) Prime Minister Dzhuddha Shamsher ( 1932 - 1945 ) [Pr 30] [45] [46] | ||
| Netherlands - Kingdom of the Netherlands (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). | Queen Wilhelmina ( 1890 - 1948 ) Prime Minister Hendrick Colein ( 1933 - 1939 ) [47] | ||
| Nicaragua - Republic of Nicaragua (República de Nicaragua) | President Juan Bautista Sacas ( 1933 - 1936 ) [48] | ||
| New Zealand (New Zealand) | King George V ( 1910 - 1936 ) Governor-General : * Charles Bathurst ( 1930 - 1935 ) [Pr 31] * George Moncton-Arundell ( April 12, 1935 - 1941 ) Prime Ministers : * George William Forbes ( 1930 - 1935 ) [Ex 32] * Michael Joseph Savage ( December 6, 1935 - 1940 ) [Ex 33] [49] | Michael Joseph Savage | |
| Norway - Kingdom of Norway (Kongeriket Norge) | King Haakon VII ( 1905 - 1957 ) Prime Ministers : * Johann Ludwig Movinkel ( 1933 - 1935 ) * Johan Nygorsvol ( March 20, 1935 - 1945 ) [50] | ||
| Oman - Sultanate of Oman (سلطنة عُمان) | Sultan Said bin Taimur ( 1932–1972 ) [51] | ||
| Panama - Panama Republic (República de Panamá) | President Armodio Arias Madrid ( 1932 - 1936 ) [52] | ||
| Paraguay - Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay) | President Eusebio Ayala ( 1932 - 1936 ) [53] | ||
| Peru - Republic of Peru (República del Perú) | President Oscar Raimundo Benavides Larrea ( 1933 - 1939 ) Chairmen of the Council of Ministers : * Carlos Arenas ( 1934 - 1935 ) * Manuel Esteban Rodriguez Davila (May 1935 - 1936 ) [54] | ||
| Poland - Polish Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polska) | President of Ignacy Moscitsky ( 1926 - 1939 ) Prime Ministers : * Leon Kozlovsky ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Ex 34] * Valery Slavek ( March 28 - October 12, 1935 ) [Ex. 35] * Marian Zyndram-Kostsyalkovsky ( October 12, 1935 - 1936 ) [ Ex. 36] [55] | Marian Zyndram-Kostsyalkovsky | |
| Portugal - Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa) | President Oshkar Carmona ( 1926 - 1951 ) [Ex 37] Prime Minister Antonio Salazar ( 1932 - 1968 ) [56] | ||
| Romania - Kingdom of Romania (Regatul Romăniei) | King Carol II ( 1930 - 1940 ) Prime Minister Gheorghe Teterescu ( 1934–1937 ) [57] | ||
| El Salvador - Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador) | Presidents : * Andres Ignacio Menendez ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Ex 38] * Maximiliano Hernández Martínez ( March 1, 1935 - 1944 ) [Ex 39] [58] | ||
| San Marino - Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino) | Captain Regent : * Angelo Manzoni Borghezi and Marino Michelotti ( 1934 - 1935 ) * Federico Gozzi and Salvatore Foschi ( April 1 - October 1, 1935 ) * Pompeo Reggie and Marino Morri ( October 1, 1935 - 1936 ) [59] | ||
| Saudi Arabia - Kingdom of Saud Arabia (المملكة العربية السعودية) | King Abdulaziz ibn Saud ( 1932 - 1953 ) [60] | ||
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) | General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Joseph Stalin ( 1922-1952 ) Chairmen of the USSR Central Executive Committee : 1. Mikhail Kalinin (Russia) ( 1922 - 1938 ) 2. Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky (Ukraine) ( 1922 - 1938 ) 3. Alexander G. Chervyakov (Belarus) ( 1922 - 1937 ) 4. Gazanfar Makhmud oglu Musabekov (Transcaucasia) ( 1925 - 1937 ) 5. Nedirbay Aitakov (Turkmenistan) ( 1925 - 1937 ) 6. Fayzulla Gubaidullaevich Khodjaev (Uzbekistan) ( 1925 - 1937 ) 7. Abdullo Rakhimbayevich Rakhimbayev (Tajikistan) ( 1934 - 1937 ) Chairman of the USSR Council of People's Commissars Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov ( 1930 - 1941 ) [61] | ||
| USA (United States of America) | President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( 1933 - 1945 ) [62] | ||
| Thailand - Kingdom of Thailand (ราช อาณาจักร ไทย) | Kings : * Prachadipok ( 1925 - 1935 ) [Pr 40] * Ananda Mahidol ( March 2, 1935 - 1946 ) [Ex 41] Prime Minister Phon Ponnayhasen ( 1933 - 1938 ) [63] | Ananda Mahidol | |
| Tonga - King Thang (Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga) | King Salote Tupou III ( 1918 - 1965 ) [64] | ||
| Tyva - Tuva People's Republic (Tüba Arat Réspublka) Recognized only by the USSR and Mongolia. | The first secretary of the Tuva people's revolutionary party Salchak Kalbakhorekovich Toka ( 1932 - 1944 ) Chairman of the Small Khural Chuldum Lonsakovi ( 1929 - 1936 ) Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Adyg-Tyulush Chemchyk-ool ( 1929 - 1936 ) [65] | ||
| Turkey -Turkish Republic (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) | President Mustafa Kemal Ataturk ( 1923 - 1938 ) Prime Minister Ismet Inonu ( 1925–1937 ) [66] | ||
| Uruguay - Eastern Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay) | President Gabriel Terra Leivas ( 1931–1938 ) [67] | ||
| Finland - Finland Republic (Suomen tasavalta) | President Per Evind Swinhoodwood ( 1931 - 1937 ) Prime Minister Toivo Kivimäki ( 1932 - 1936 ) [68] | ||
| France - French Republic (République française) | President Albert Lebrun ( 1932 - 1940 ) Chairmen of the Council of Ministers : * Pierre-Etienne Flandin ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Ex 42] * Fernan Buisson ( June 1 - 4, 1935 ) [Ex 43] * Pierre Laval ( June 7, 1935 - 1937 ) [Ex 44] [69] | Fernan Buisson | |
| Czechoslovakia - Czechoslovak Republic (Československá republika) | Presidents : * Tomash Garrig Masaryk ( 1918 - 1935 ) [Ex 45] * Edouard Beneš ( December 18, 1935 - 1938 ) [Ex 46] Prime Ministers * Jan Malipether ( 1932 - 1935 ) [ Ex. 47] * Milan Goja ( November 5, 1935 - 1938 ) [Ex 48] [70] | ||
| Chile - Republic of Chile (República de Chile) | President Arturo Alessandri Palma ( 1932 - 1938 ) [71] | ||
| Switzerland - Switzerland Confederation (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Confédération suisse, Confederazione Svizzera) | Federal Council : Giuseppe Motta ( 1911 - 1940 ) Edmund Schultes ( 1912 - 1935 ) Marcel Pile-Gola ( 1928 - 1944 ) Rudolf Minger ( 1929 - 1940 ) - President Albert Meyer ( 1929 - 1938 ) Johannes Bauman ( 1934 - 1940 ) Philip Etter ( 1934 - 1959 ) Hermann Obrecht ( 1935–1940 ) [72] | Rudolf Minger | |
| Sweden - the Kingdom of Sweden (Konungariket Sverige) | King Gustav V ( 1907 - 1950 ) Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson ( 1932 - 1936 ) [73] | ||
| Ecuador - Republic of Ecuador (República del Ecuador) | Presidents : * Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra ( 1934 - 1935 ) [Ex 49] * Antonio Pons Campusano ( August 21 - September 26, 1935 ) [Ex. 50] * Benigno Andrade Flores ( September 26, 1935 ) [Ex 51] * Federico Paez ( September 26, 1935 - 1937 ) [Ex. 52] [74] | ||
| Estonia - Estonia (Eesti Vabariik) | Head of State Konstantin Päts ( 1934 - 1937 ) Prime Minister Konstantin Päts ( 1934–1939 ) [75] | ||
| Ethiopia - Ethiopian Empire (የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ) | The Emperor Haile Selassie I ( 1930 - 1974 ) Chief Minister Haile Selassie I ( 1927 - 1936 ) [76] | ||
| Yugoslavia - the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Kraљevina Јugoslavía) | King Peter II ( 1934 - 1945 ) [Ex. 53] Regent Pavel Karageorgievich ( 1934 - 1941 ) Prime Ministers : * Bogolyub Eftich ( 1934 - 1935 ) * Milan Stojadinovich ( June 24, 1935 - 1939 ) [77] | Milan Stojadinovic | |
| Union of South Africa (Union of South Africa, Unie van Suid-Afrika) | King George V ( 1910 - 1936 ) Governor General George Willers, Earl Clarendon ( 1931 - 1937 ) Prime Minister James Barry Herzog ( 1924–1939 ) [78] | ||
| Japan (日本) | Emperor Hirohito ( 1926 - 1989 ) Prime Minister Keisuke Okada ( 1934 - 1936 ) [Ex 54] [79] |
Comments
- ↑ Retired from politics, died in 1966.
- ↑ Vice-Governor of the National Bank.
- ↑ Dismissed by king. He went into opposition to the regime, collaborated with the left parties.
- ↑ Military, Lieutenant-General, Minister of War. Appointed as head of government by the king. After retirement he left the army and left politics. He died in 1948.
- ↑ Academician, diplomat. He died in 1944.
- ↑ Had held the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs in previous offices.
- ↑ Resigned for health reasons. He died in 1937 during a trip to South America.
- Prime Minister in 1923-1929, since 1931 Lord Co-Chairman of the Council.
- ↑ Died on December 17, 1935 in Marakiya.
- ↑ General, Minister of War and Minister of the Fleet. Appointed interim president after the death of H. Gomes for a period of up to April 19, 1936.
- ↑ Overthrown in a coup on October 10, 1935. He died in 1936.
- ↑ Military, General, Minister of the Armed Forces. Leader of the coup of 1926 and the coup of October 10, 1935. Restored the monarchy. Resigned in connection with the decision of the king to stop the repression against the Republicans. As the leader of the National Democratic Party, spoke at the parliamentary elections in January 1936, died of a heart attack a few days after their holding.
- ↑ King of Greece in the years 1922-1924. Restored to the throne after the October 10 coup and the referendum on November 3, 1935. He returned from Britain to Athens on November 25, 1935.
- ↑ Overthrown in a coup on October 10, 1935. He died in 1936.
- ↑ Former member of parliament, professor of law at the University of Athens. On behalf of the king formed a government loyal to the monarchy.
- ↑ The government resigned on February 23, 1935.
- ↑ Prime Minister in the years 1933-1934.
- The Prime Minister in the years 1924-1925.
- ↑ Resigned after accusations of financial fraud. In 1936 he emigrated to Portugal. He returned to his homeland in 1947, died in 1949.
- ↑ He held the post of Minister of Finance in the office of A. Lerrus. Resigned, losing parliamentary support for right-wing parties. In 1936 he retired from politics, died in Madrid in 1951.
- ↑ Prior to his appointment, he served as Minister of the Interior and Governor General of Catalonia.
- ↑ Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, Temporarily Acting Governor-General.
- ↑ Resigned after the Conservatives lost the parliamentary elections on October 14, 1935. In 1938 he went to the UK, where he became a member of the House of Lords. He died in 1947.
- Лей Labor leader, prime minister in 1921–1926 and 1926–1930.
- ↑ Seriously wounded during the attempt on November 1, 1935; on December 1, he resigned and left for treatment in Europe. Since 1940, he headed the pro-Japanese government in Nanking . He died in Japan in 1944.
- ↑ Interim President. Resigned after mass protests and accusations of repression. He retired from politics, died at home in 1960.
- ↑ Minister of Foreign Affairs. Interim President after the unexpected resignation of K. Mendieta.
- ↑ After retirement, he left for Xinjiang, where he died in 1938 under unclear circumstances.
- ↑ Military, General. The governor of Manchuria in 1932, then the Minister of Defense of Manchukuo. Appointed head of government under pressure from Japan.
- ↑ Hereditary Prime Minister of the clan Rana.
- ↑ Prokinul post on March 15, 1935.
- Resigned after the defeat of the ruling coalition in the parliamentary elections on November 27, 1935. He retired from politics, died in his estate in 1947.
- ↑ MP, leader of the Labor Party, which won the parliamentary elections for the first time on November 27, 1935.
- ↑ In 1939 he was arrested by the Soviet authorities, in 1941 he was released and transferred to the army of Anders, but went to the Germans. He died of a heart attack in Berlin in 1944.
- ↑ Prime Minister in the years 1930-1931. Dismissed after parliamentary elections boycotted by the population. Since 1938, Marshal of the Sejm. Shot himself in April 1939.
- Former President of Warsaw. Minister of the Interior since 1934.
- ↑ February 14, 1935, re-elected for another seven-year term, until April 15, 1942.
- ↑ Military, General. Interim President for the period of the presidential election.
- ↑ A military, general, in 1931 established a personal dictatorship. President in the years 1931-1934. Formally served as Minister of War in the government of A. Menendez. He was elected president in the next presidential election for a four-year term, until March 1, 1939.
- ↑ Abandoned the throne and emigrated to the UK, where he died of a heart attack in 1941 at the age of 47.
- ↑ Proclaimed king by a parliamentary decision at the age of 9 and recalled from Lausanne, where he studied, to Bangkok. Ananda Mahidol was never crowned and is considered a king in hindsight, by decree of his successor.
- ↑ The government resigned on May 31, 1935, after measures to prevent the threat of devaluation of the franc.
- ↑ Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies of the National Assembly. Resigned, without receiving support in parliament. In 1940, he withdrew from political life, died in 1958.
- Prime Minister in the years 1931-1932.
- ↑ Resigned for health reasons. He went to his estate Lana, where he died from pneumonia in 1937.
- Prime Minister in 1921–1922, since 1918 the permanent Minister of Foreign Affairs. Elected by parliament instead of retired T. Masaryk.
- ↑ In 1939 he retired from politics. In 1945, brought to justice for participation in the Anti-Bolshevik League, but justified. He died in 1947.
- ↑ Minister of Agriculture in previous offices.
- ↑ Constitutional President. Overthrown by the military during the coup August 21, 1935. Emigrated to Colombia. The term of office ended on September 1, 1938.
- ↑ Physician, former governor of Guayaquil. Interim President. He appointed a presidential election, but out of fear that the conservatives would win it, he handed over power to the military. Retired from politics, died in 1980.
- ↑ Military, head of government junta. He was in power for several hours before the transfer of powers to F. Paez.
- ↑ Interim President. Set the mode of personal dictatorship.
- ↑ Minor.
- ↑ Diplomat. Ambassador to the USSR (1928-1932), Minister of Foreign Affairs since 1933.
Sources
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Australia (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Austria (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is May 24, 2012. Archived September 19, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Albania . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Andorra (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Argentina (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Afghanistan . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Bahrain (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Belgium (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. Circulation date May 24, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Bulgaria (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Bolivia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Brazil (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Bhutan (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Vatican . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. United Kingdom (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Hungary (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Venezuela (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Haiti (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Guatemala (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Germany (English) (inaccessible link) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Honduras (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Greece (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Denmark (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Dominican Republic (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Egypt (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Iraq (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Iran (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Ireland (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Spain (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Italy (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Gerasimov O. G. Yemeni Revolution. 1962-1975. - M. , 1979.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Canada . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. China (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is May 15, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Colombia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Costa Rica (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Cuba (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Latvia.html Latvia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is July 10, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Liberia (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Lithuania.html Lithuania (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is July 10, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Liechtenstein (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Luxembourg . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Manchukuo (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived September 19, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Mexico (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Monaco (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Mongolia (English) (inaccessible link - history ) . World Statesmen.org. Date of appeal July 10, 2012. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Nepal . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Redko I. B. Political history of Nepal. - M. , 1986.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. The Netherlands (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Nicaragua (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. New Zealand (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Norway (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Oman (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Panama (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Paraguay . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Peru (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Poland . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Portugal (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Romania (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. El Salvador (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. San Marino . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Saudi Arabia (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. USSR (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. United States of America (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Thailand . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Tonga (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Tuva Tannu Tuva (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. Date of appeal July 10, 2012. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Turkey . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Uruguay (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Finland (Eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. France World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Czechoslovakia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is April 9, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Chile (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Switzerland (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Sweden (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Ecuador (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Estonia.html Estonia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The appeal date is July 10, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Ethiopia (English) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is June 21, 2012. Archived September 19, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Yugoslavia (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. South African Republic (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. Japan (eng.) . World Statesmen.org. The date of circulation is July 10, 2012. Archived May 24, 2012.