"Morning" ( Italian: Aurora ; also - "Dawn" , "Aurora" [1] ) - a marble statue depicting an allegory of Morning (or Dawn), created by Michelangelo during 1526-1531. The statue is part of the tombstone of Lorenzo II Medici in the Medici Chapel .
| ||
| Michelangelo | ||
| Morning 1526 - 1531 | ||
| ital. Aurora | ||
| marble. Height 155 cm | ||
| Medici Chapel , Florence | ||
Content
- 1 History of creation
- 1.1 Previous Model
- 2 Description
- 3 Image in art
- 4 notes
- 5 Links
- 6 Sources
Creation History
The new sacristy (sacristy) was conceived as a memorial chapel for Giuliano Medici , the brother of Pope Leo, and Lorenzo, his nephew, who died young. It was Leo X's plan, but Pope Clement VII , another member of the Medici family, who actively supported this project, became the customer.
Michelangelo worked on the statue in 1526 - 1531 . According to Erpel, the statue was finalized in 1531 , together with the " Night " [2] . In 1534, Michelangelo left for Rome without installing sculptures and completing the tomb [a] .
Previous Model
The terracotta model of the statue, created around 1524, has been preserved. The model has no head, left arm, and right leg below the knee [3] . The previous model is quite different from the sculpture, in particular, the pose. “Morning” in marble is more inclined towards the viewer, while according to the original plan it lay smoother [4] . Details also differ - the draperies of the model are much more magnificent. The back of the model is also completely completed, while the statue has only roughly processed it [5] .
The model is stored in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) [3] .
Description
The sculpture depicts a woman who has not yet awakened. The woman reclines on the sarcophagus, leaning on her right hand, and her left, bent at the elbow, froze in motion, almost touching her bent left leg. Her eyes are half closed and her mouth is open. The head is turned towards the viewer and is inclined to the right shoulder. Under her breast, a ribbon is tied, which is a symbol of slavery [6] [b] . “Morning” is the exact opposite of “ Night, ” the body of which endured many children. This different femininity - the maiden "Morning", the mature "Nights" - is a dialectical correspondence to the Madonna, who is both a virgin and a mother [7] . Vasari wrote of her like this:
| (...) In her pose, although she is still sleepy, she feels a desire to wake up, get up from the soft bed, and waking up, she will find the eyes of the Grand Duke closed. Therefore, in her eternal beauty, she turns away, showing her sadness and sorrow. [one] |
According to Liebman, “Aurora, the morning dawn, painfully awakens from heavy dreams. The features of her beautiful face are full of suffering, and her flowering young body bends, as if from internal pain ” [8] . According to Lazarev , it is “the incredible contrast between a flourishing girl’s body and a mortally tormented soul in him that raises the statue of Aurora to the highest peaks of art” [6] .
Image in Art
Irving Stone ’s biographical novel , “Suffering and Joy” (1961), emphasizes the fact that Michelangelo, in addition to Madonnas, did not make female statues in marble before, therefore, “Night” and “Morning” occupy a special place in his work [9] . In the work on the statue it is written as follows: “[Michelangelo] carved the“ Morning ”- a woman who was not yet fully awakened, captured on the verge of a dream and reality; her head was still sleepily resting on her shoulder; the tape tightly tightened under the breasts only emphasized their volume, their shape resembling bulbs; the abdominal muscles sagged slightly, the womb was tired of bearing the fetus; the whole difficult path of her life was read in half-closed eyes, in a half-open mouth; raised, as if broken in an elbow, the left hand hung in the air and was ready to fall the moment the woman took her head from her shoulder to look into the face of the day ” [10] .
In the Japanese anime series “ Ergo Proxy ” (2006), all four allegory statues act as advisers to the ruler of the city of Romdo (Rome?). The sculpture “Morning” is a personification of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida , the founder of deconstructivism [11] .
Notes
- but. ^ The tomb was completed by order of Cosimo I of Medici in 1554-1555. Giorgio Vasari and Bartolomeo Ammannati [12]
- b. ^ The Dying Slave , created around 1513, has the same picture
Links
- ↑ 1 2 Vasari, 1970 , p. 346.
- ↑ Erpel, 1990 , p. fourteen.
- ↑ 1 2 LeBrooy, 1972 , p. 38.
- ↑ LeBrooy, 1972 , p. 39.
- ↑ LeBrooy, 1972 , p. 41.
- ↑ 1 2 Michelangelo. Poetry. Letters, 1983 , p. twenty.
- ↑ Erpel, 1990 , p. 52.
- ↑ Liebman, 1964 , p. 22.
- ↑ Stone, 1991 , p. 667.
- ↑ Irving Stone. The Agony and the Ecstasy (English ) ? 696. www.scribd.com. - “". Date of treatment July 26, 2012. Archived on August 7, 2012.Original text(...) Dawn as not yet awake, caught in the transition between dream and reality, her head still resting wearily on her shoulder; a band drawn tight under the breasts to emphasize spatially their bulbous quality; the stomach muscles sagging, the womb exhausted from bearing, the whole arduous journey of her life in the half-closed eyes and half-open mouth; the left arm bent and suspended in air, ready to fall as soon as she lifted her head from her shoulder to face the day
- ↑ Visual quotes . ERGO PROXY SUM . Archived on October 3, 2012.
- ↑ Natalya Kulikova. Medici - a symbol of the Renaissance . Archived on September 30, 2012.
Sources
- Vasari D. Biographies of famous painters, sculptors and architects = Italian. Le Vite de'piu eccelenti Pittori, Scultori e Architetti . - K .: Art, 1970. - S. 296-429, 497-507. - 520 s. (Ukrainian)
- Libman M.I. Michelangelo Buonarroti. - M .: Soviet artist, 1964. (Russian)
- Stone I. Flour and Joy . Roman: Per. from English N. Bannikova = English The Agony and the Ecstasy . - M .: True, 1991 .-- 768 p. - ISBN 5-253-00154-9 .
- Erpel Fritz. Michelangelo / Per. with him. Sergey Danilchenko. - Berlin: Henschel, 1990 .-- 72 p. - ISBN 3-362-00044-4 .
- Michelangelo. Poetry. Letters. Judgments of contemporaries / comp. V.N. Grashchenkov. - M .: Art, 1983 .-- 451 p.
- Paul James LeBrooy. Michelangelo models formerly in the Paul von Praun Collection. - Michigan, 1972. (English)
- Herbert von Einem; Ronald Taylor. Michelangelo = German Michelangelo (1959) . - London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1973.- 329 p. (eng.)
- John Addington Symonds. The Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti . - 1893. (English)
- Eric Scigliano Michelangelo's Mountain: The Quest For Perfection In The Marble Quarries Of Carrara. - Simon and Schuster, 2005 .-- 352 p. (eng.)
- William Wallace. The Treasures of Michelangelo. - Andre Deutsch, 2010 .-- ISBN 978-0-233-00253-8 . (eng.)