Thynninae (lat.) - a subfamily of Hymenoptera insects ( Hymenoptera ) of the patellar suborder ( Apocrita ) in the family of os-typhiids ( Tiphiidae ). Australia and South America. About 600 species. Larvae parasitize (ectoparasites) on lamellar beetles, which adult wasps paralyze and lay their eggs on them. Females are wingless, and males winged. In most species, during mating, males grab females and fly with them (holding them) for up to one hour [1] . The attachment sites of the antennae of the females are separated from each other; tegulae are absent [2] . Pseudocopulation of orchid flowers was noted in Neozeleboria cryptoides [3] .
Thynninae | ||||||||||||||||
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 Thynnus zonatus female wasp | ||||||||||||||||
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| Thynninae |
Content
- 1 Systematics
- 2 notes
- 3 Literature
- 4 References
Systematics
50 genera [2] and about 600 species [4] . Traditionally, Thynninae are considered as part of the Tiphiidae family [2] [1] [5] . According to modern studies (Pilgrim et al., 2008) [6], the Vespoidea superfamily is recognized as paraphyletic and, therefore, some groups are separated into independent families and even superfamilies: Tiphioidea ( Sierolomorphidae + Tiphiidae ) and separately Thynnoidea ( Chyphotidae + Thynnidae ).
- Aelurus westwood
- Ammodromus Guérin, 1838
- Anodontyra Westwood, 1835
- Argenthynnus Genise, 1991
- Atopothynnus Kimsey, 1991
- Brethynnus Genise, 1991
- Chrysothynnus Turner, 1910
- Dimorphothynnus turner
- Dolichothynnus Turner, 1910
- Merithynnus Kimsey, 1991
- Mesothynnus Kimsey, 1991
- Ornepetes Guérin, 1838
- Rhytidothynnus Brown, 2008 (= Rhytidogaster Turner, 1907)
- Rostrynnus Genise, 1991
- Scotaena Klug, 1810
- Spilothynnus Ashmead, 1903
- Telephoromyia Guérin, 1838
- Thynnus
- Umbothynnus Brown, 2008 [1] - Australia
- Upa Kimsey, 1991
- Zeena Kimsey, 1991
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Thynnidae (Vespoidea)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lynn S. Kimsey. (1991). [Relationships among the tiphiid wasp subfamilies (Hymenoptera)]. - Systematic Entomology . Volume 16, Issue 4, October 1991, Pages: 427–438.
- ↑ Florian P Schiestl. Floral evolution and pollinator mate choice in a sexually deceptive orchid (Eng.) // Journal of Evolutionary Biology : Journal. - European Society for Evolutionary Biology, John Wiley & Sons , 2004. - Vol. 17, no. 1 . - P. 67-75. - ISSN 1010-061X . DOI: 10.1046 / j.1420-9101.2003.00650.x
- ↑ Tiphiidae (CSIRO Australia)
- ↑ Lynn S. Kimsey. (2004). Illustrated keys to genera of the mail wasps in the subfamily Thynninae: (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae). - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 106 (3). 2004. pp. 571-585
- ↑ Pilgrim Erik M .; von Dohlen Carol D .; Pitts James P. Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea indicate paraphyly of the superfamily and novel relationships of its component families and subfamilies (inaccessible link) // Zoologica Scripta, Volume 37, Number 5, September 2008, pp. 539-560. doi = 10.1111 / j.1463-6409.2008.00340.x
Literature
- Ashmead, WH 1898. Thynnidae in the United States. - Psyche , Volume 8 (268): 251-251.
- Burrell, RW 1935. Notes on the habits of certain Australian Thynnidae. - J. NY. Ent. Soc. 43: 19-28.
- Given, BB 1954. A catalog of the Thynninae (Tiphiidae, Hymenoptera) of Australia and adjacent areas. - New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research bulletin, 109: 1-89.
- Given, BB 1954. Evolutionary trends in the Thynninae (Hymenoptera; Tiphiidae) with special reference to feeding habits of Australian species. - Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105: 1-10.
- Given, BB 1954. Notes on Australian Thynninae I. Ariphron bicolor Erichson. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 78: 258-261.
- Given, BB 1958. Notes on Australian Thynninae II. The genera Dimorphothynnus, Rhagigaster and Eirone. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 83: 309–326.
- Given, BB 1959. Notes on Australian Thynninae III. The genus Thynnoides. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 83: 327–336.
- Salter, KEW 1954. Studies on Australian Thynnidae. I. A check list of the Australian and Austro-Malayan Thynnidae. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 78: 276-315
- Salter, KEW 1957. Studies on Australian Thynnidae (Hymenoptera). II. A short history of thynnid taxonomy. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 81: 287-298.
- Salter, KEW 1958. Studies on Australian Thynnidae Shuckard, 1841 (Hymenoptera). III. An introduction to the comparative morphology of the male. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 82: 328-351.
- Salter, KEW 1961. Studies on Australian Thynnidae. IV. Results of study in the British Museum. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 85: 382–383.
- Salter, KEW 1963. Revision of the Thynnidae. Part V. A contribution towards a knowledge of the Thynnidae of the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomons, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 87: 223-266.
- Turner, RE 1908. A revision of the Thynnidae of Australia [Hymenoptera]. Part II. —Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 33: 70-256.