Ruble of the Far Eastern Republic

Initially, even before the proclamation of the FER, the Provisional Zemsky power of the Baikal region made attempts to streamline the already existing money circulation. Thus, the Siberian rubles , canceled in the RSFSR, remained, nevertheless, in the Baikal region as a means of payment. Moreover, the Sibznacks that lost any value in Soviet Russia in the regions east of the FER (in particular, in Harbin ) were still quoted, therefore they flooded the market of the Far Eastern Republic itself. The government of the Baikal region established a single exchange rate for the Sovznaks of the RSFSR of 1918-1919 for Siberian rubles at the rate of 15 Sovznaks for 1 sibznak. At the same time, an opportunity was sought to start issuing their own money, which was reached on March 26, 1920, with Moscow. By this time, the Zemsky authorities had already managed to find bills for the future ruble of the FER. They were intercepted in Irkutsk credit cards of the Omsk government of American production in denominations of 25 and 100 rubles. Initially, the RSFSR wanted to use the bills at home, but later they were transferred to the FER after they were typographically stamped “Temporary Zemsky power of the Baikal region”. These notes in the amount of 228,425,950 rubles and became the first DVR rubles to be issued.

For withdrawal from circulation of Siberian rubles, a limited exchange of them for new rubles was announced in the ratio of 100 sibznaks for 1 ruble of FER. The proportion was set arbitrarily, initially it was planned to devalue the sibznac 10, not 100 times. The exchange of Siberian rubles for the rubles of the FER began on July 1, 1920 and lasted 10 days. Restrictions on exchange were established, in particular, Sibznak accepted only from residents of the FER and in the amount of not more than 50 thousand.

On July 27, 1920, the FER Government issued a resolution on the issue of new banknotes "in order to replace various types of banknotes circulating in the country with signs corresponding in appearance to new republican forms of the state system of the Far Eastern Republic." Credit cards of the Far Eastern Republic were issued in denominations of 3, 10 and 1000 rubles. Soon tickets were issued in 1 ruble and 5 rubles. The printing of banknotes was carried out at the Irkutsk government paper factory.

On all credit notes of the Verkhneudinskaya emission, a DVR coat of arms was depicted: a sheaf of ears of corn with crossed arms, like a sickle and hammer, an anchor, and prospector's single-pointed keel (a gold digger’s pick for gold mining). This emblem symbolized the unity of the three main regions that were part of the republic: Primorye (anchor), Amur region (sheaf) and Transbaikalia (kyle).

During the period of the Verkhniy Udinsky issue credit cards were issued for the amount of 1 906 891 200 rubles.

On October 21, 1920, units of the People's Army of the FER liberated the city of Chita , where the capital was transferred, from the troops of ataman G. M. Semenov . The Conference of the Regions of the Far East in November of 1920 elected the government of the republic headed by A. M. Krasnoshchekov . The new government made a decision to increase the emission as soon as possible, for which the Irkutsk factory was transformed into an Expedition of government papers and strengthened with printing equipment and skilled workers from all over the country. The new issue issued mainly 1000-ruble banknotes and new credit cards in denominations of 500 rubles.

During the period of the Chita issue, credit notes were issued in the amount of 2,050,666,600 rubles. In total, during the periods of the Upper Udinsk and Chita issues of the FER, credit notes in the amount of 3,957,557,800 rubles were put into circulation.

Rubles FER rapidly depreciated during the entire period of circulation. By the end of 1920, mainly banknotes of 500 and 1000 rubles were issued. However, for small payments there was not enough money. As a result, the leadership of the Amur Region as part of the FDA, in coordination with the republican government, began printing in Blagoveshchensk on the facilities of the former private printing house Churin and K ^{o of} settlement banknotes of the Far Eastern Republic . Settlement marks were issued in denominations of 25 and 50 rubles. Due to inflation, lower denominations were no longer required for circulation.

In total, in Blagoveshchensk, settlement marks were issued in the amount of 89,417,050 rubles.

In 1921, inflation reached gigantic proportions. As a result, the “buffers”, the so-called Far Eastern rubles, have practically lost the already low payment value. In July 1921, the issue of rubles of the FER was discontinued, and on November 15, 1922, the currency was officially withdrawn from circulation in connection with the annexation of the FER to the RSFSR . By this time, it was not actually used. The purchasing power of the Far Eastern ruble has fallen so much that by the end of 1921, the actual cost of a 1000-ruble denomination credit card was less than one Russian penny in gold.

• Nikolaev R. Temporary rubles of a temporary state.

• The Order of the Manager of the Affairs of State Finance, issued on the basis of the decision of the Provisional Government of the Far East - Primorsky Zemstvo Board on June 7, 1920, for the No. 335.
• Resolution Time. Government of the Far East - Primorsky District Council

Vladivostok, June 5, 1920 No. 252. On the issue of State credit cards and on the exchange for them of the currently having payment signs.

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• Navolochkin ND The case of one and a half million. Khabarovsk: Book Publishing, 1969 .
• Petin DI Paper money as a historical source for studying the circulation of money in Siberia during the Civil War (on the example of bank notes of the Provisional Zemstvo Power of the Baikal Region) // Third University Social and Humanitarian Readings 2009: materials. In 2 t. T. 2. - Irkutsk: Publishing House Irkut. state University, 2009. - P. 397-403: Il.
• Petin DI. The emission policy of the Far Eastern “buffer” in 1920: new facts // The newest history of Russia. 2012 № 2.