Amir al-Hajj ( Arabic: أمير الحج ) is the head of the Muslims making the pilgrimage to Mecca and the head of the caravan of pilgrims .
History
The first to lead the pilgrimage to Abu Bakr , who inIn 631 , he was appointed by the Prophet Muhammad to lead a caravan from Medina to Mecca in order to protect against Meccan polytheists. AT 632 Prophet Muhammad himself led the “ farewell hajj ”. The appointment of amirs was the prerogative of the caliphs . AT In 688 , due to the prevailing political situation, 4 Amirs participated in the caliphate in the Hajj. From the 13th century, the right to appoint Amir al-Hajj passed to the Mamluks , and from then on, the leaders of caravans going to the Hajj, who was responsible for the safety of the pilgrimage caravan, were also called amirs. Under the Ottomans, important assignments were assigned to the Amirs, contributing to the strengthening of their influence in the Hijaz . Since the 20s of the XX century , any political activity of amirs in the territory of Saudi Arabia has been prohibited. AT 1954 Egypt replaced the title of Amir al-Hajj with “the leader of a group of pilgrims” ( Rais Basat al-Hajj ) [1] .
Notes
- ↑ Islam: ES, 1991 .
Literature
- D.V. Ermakov . Amir al-Hajj // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Science , GDVL , 1991 . - S. 20-21. - ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .
- Amir al-haj // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2004. - T. I. - ISBN 9965-9389-9-7 .
- Jomier, J .. Amīr al-Ḥād̲jd̲j̲ // Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
- Naji, Mohammad Reza; Gholami, Rahim. Amīr al-Ḥājj // Encyclopaedia Islamica.