Sesame , or Sesame ( Latin Sésamum ) - a genus of herbaceous plants of the Pedaliaceae family .
| Sesame | |||||||||||||||||||
 Indian Sesame ( Sesamum indicum ) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Sesamum L. (1753) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Sesamum indicum L. [2] - Indian Sesame | |||||||||||||||||||
Content
Title
The Latin name for the plant genus Sesamum comes from other Greek. σήσαμον , which, in turn, is borrowed from Semitic languages ( Aramaic shūmshĕmā , Arabic. سمسم , Hebrew שומשום ), from the late Babylonian shawash-shammu , from the Assyrian shamash-shammū , from shaman shammī - “oil ".
Botanical Description
Annual or perennial herbaceous plants. Leaves are alternating, or opposite, or opposite at the bottom and alternating at the top, whole or tripartite (less often trifid).
The flowers are large, five-membered, axillary, 1-3 in dichasia . Pedicels are short, with two bracts and a rounded gland at the base. The calyx is five - parted, the corolla is bell-shaped or funnel-tubular, almost two-lipped, with a 3 (rarely 5) lobed lower and short-bilobed upper lip. Stamens 4 (5-10) (moreover, one or two stamens are usually underdeveloped and turn into staminodes ). Upper ovary , of two carpels with additional false partitions, with a central column, to which numerous seeds located in nests of ovaries are attached in one row; stigma bilobate.
The fruit is elongated, expanding almost to the base, squeezed quadrangular, box pressed to the stem.
Distribution
Species of the genus are found mainly in Africa . One species, Indian sesame ( Sesamum indicum ), is unknown in the wild, is widely cultivated in all subtropical and tropical regions, and sometimes runs wild.
Economic Significance and Application
Widely used in cooking. In practical terms, the most important plant of the genus is Indian sesame ( Sesamum indicum ) - a valuable oil-bearing plant. Seeds are used for making gozinaki and as a sprinkle on bakery products. Pasta is made - tahini , which is widely used in Jewish and Arabic cuisines . It is worth noting that sesame is both white and black (Sesamum radiatum). Each of the species has its own taste.
List of Species
The genus Sesame includes 26 species [3] :
- Sesamum alatum Thonn.
- Sesamum angolense Welw.
- Sesamum calycinum Welw.
- Sesamum indicum L. typus [2] - Indian sesame , or ordinary sesame , or eastern sesame
- Sesamum lepidotum schinz
- Sesamum marlothii Engl.
- Sesamum pedalioides Welw. ex hiern
- Sesamum radiatum Schumach. & Thonn.
- Sesamum rigidum Peyr.
- Sesamum schinzianum Asch.
- Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 Information about the Sesamum genus in the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .
- ↑ List of species of the sesame genus on The Plant List (English) (Retrieved July 21, 2016)
Literature
- Vasilchenko I.T. Rod Sesame - Sesamum L. // Flora of the USSR : 30 tons / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1958. - T. 23 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 12-13. - 776 p. - 2300 copies.
- Kamelin R.V. Rod Sesame - Sesamum L. // Flora of the European part of the USSR / Ed. ed. An. A. Fedorov . - L .: Science , 1981. - T.V. Ed. volumes R.V. Kamelin . - S. 315-316. - 380 s. - 4200 copies.
Links
- Sesame : information on the taxon in the Plantarium project (identifier of plants and an illustrated atlas of species). (Retrieved July 21, 2012)