Settlements in Yekaterinburg of the 18th - 19th centuries were called residential formations (small urban areas or city sides) that arose in the 1720s and early 1730s on the territory of the Yekaterinburg fortress , or outside it, on the periphery of fortifications (there were only four extra-serf settlements , not counting the suburban village of Melkovka). Sloboda was inhabited mainly by representatives of any one profession, which is obvious from their names, and only three settlements were exceptions: Sylnyaya, Melkovskaya and Bobylskaya. From the time of its foundation, the settlement was inhabited mainly by workers of the Yekaterinburg plant, mining department officers, officials and priests, and by the settlement, which later received the official name of the Yekaterinburg Posad, merchants and civilian craftsmen, as well as “new people” and exiled settlers, lived .
Settlements inside the Yekaterinburg Fortress
On the right (western) bank of the City Pond above (to the north) the dam were located Secretarskaya, Lekarskaya, Podyachskaya and Soldatskaya Sloboda, below the dam - Treasury Sloboda. On the left bank of the pond, the Assessor and Molotov settlements were located above the dam, and Kuznechnaya, Mekhovaya, Plotinnaya, and Kamenschichnaya below the dam. In the southeastern corner of the fortress, according to the city plan of 1737, there was Lower Exile settlement.
Settlements outside the walls of the Yekaterinburg fortress
On the Trading (Clerical) side
The right-bank part of Yekaterinburg (to the west of the dam of the City Pond ) was traditionally called the Trade Side, since there was a guest yard here. Since 1735, this part of the city was also called the Clerical Party - the name of the mining administration [1] , located on its territory, on the Perspective Road (future Lenin Avenue ).
Upper Exile Settlement
It was located along the right bank of the City Pond, behind the Green Gate of the Yekaterinburg fortress. The name was given because its first inhabitants were exiled settlers.
Kupetskaya Sloboda
The settlement was located along the right bank of Iset south of the fortress and was the most stable and dynamically developing urban entity. Kupetskaya Sloboda had some features of the classic posad of traditional Russian cities - settlements of merchants and free artisans behind the city "Kremlin" (officially posad appeared in Yekaterinburg in 1745 ).
Bobyl settlement
It was located next to the Kupetskaya settlement.
On the Church Side
The left-bank part of Yekaterinburg was called the Church side, since here stood the first church of St. Catherine in the city [1] .
Melkovskaya Sloboda
Initially, it was a suburban village of Milkova or Melkova with a population of several dozen yards, not earlier than the last third of the XVIII century merged with Konyushennaya Sloboda. In the XIX century it began to be called Melkovskaya settlement .
Konyushennaya (Penkovskaya) settlement
The settlement appeared on the left bank of the City Pond at the official stables, with the location of the Penkovka River, another name for the settlement - Penkovskaya.
Coal Village
It was located near the Stables settlement.
Bath Village
It was located on the left bank of the Iset River, opposite Kupetskaya Sloboda , behind trading baths.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Set of historical and cultural monuments of the Sverdlovsk Region, 2007 , p. 9.
Literature
- Zorina L.I., Slukin V.M. Streets and squares of old Yekaterinburg. - Yekaterinburg: “Basco”, 2005. - 256 p. - ISBN is missing.
- Korepanov N. S. The First Century of Yekaterinburg. - Yekaterinburg: Bank of cultural information, 2005. - 274 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-7851-0578-0 .
- Set of historical and cultural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region / V. Zvagelskaya - Yekaterinburg: Sokrat Publishing House, 2007. - V. 1. - 536 p. - 7000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-88664-313-3 .