Hairan

In the service of the Cordoba Caliphate

Birth time is not known. Mishin D.E., based on the news of Ibn al-Khatib, suggested that Khayran was brought to Cordoba as a young man and began serving the Umayyads . His service was going well and already under al-Muzaffar he was one of the twenty-six great veils. Al-Maqqari wrote that under al-Mansur, Khairan was the ruler of Almeria, Mishin suggested that this happened only in 1014.

He participated in many military campaigns. During the war of 1009, Hairan supported Suleiman . After the capture of Cordoba, Hairan and Anbar (another leader of the Sakaliba) switched to the side of Muhammad II . But Sakaliba was dissatisfied with the fact that in the state of Muhammad II they held secondary posts in comparison with the Berbers. They decided to return to the throne of Hisham II . A conspiracy was drawn up, to which Vidah joined. At the end of July 1010, the conspirators revolted in Cordoba, captured Muhammad II and, after a quick trial, executed him. Hisham II again became a caliph, Vidah became his hajib , Sakaliba (including Khairan) took important posts in his circle. But the Berber troops received the head of Muhammad II, sent by him, on the orders of Vidah, considering him the ruler of Suleiman, did not recognize Hisham II and began the siege of Cordoba. Trying to escape from Cordoba Vidah during the siege, he was killed on the orders of Hisham II. In 1013, the Berbers captured Cordoba; Hisham II again abdicated the throne.

Ruler of Almeria

Sakaliba, wishing to continue the struggle, left east of Al-Andalus . Their leader was Hairan, who, according to Ibn al-Khatib, was appointed senior over Sakaliba. Ali ibn Hammoud (who built his clan to Ali ) also joined them. During the retreat, Sakaliba overtook the chase. As a result of the battle, Khairan was seriously wounded and left on the ground. He was saved by a traveler who picked up and secretly cured. Having recovered, Khaidar joined Sakaliba. In the summer of 1013, he occupied Orihuela , Tudmir . Having strengthened himself in these lands, Haidar was able to defeat the detachment sent by Suleiman against Orihuela under the command of Musa Ibn Marwan Ibn Hudayr. The Berbers were defeated, Musa Ibn Marwan was captured, and Hydam expanded his power to Murcia .

Another leader of the Sakaliba, Aftah , owned Almeria . Aftah initially shared power with Ibn Hamid whom he expelled from the city during the civil strife. Ibn Hamid fled to Orihuela where he turned to Hairan for help. In July 1014, during a stubborn assault, Almeria and her fortress were captured. Aftah and his two sons were killed, and their corpses were thrown into the sea. Hairan made the city its capital.

Soon, Ali ibn Hammoud, the ruler of Ceuta and Tangier, put forward his claim to the Cordoban throne. He announced that he had a letter from Hisham. According to Ali, Hisham asked him to help regain the throne or avenge Suleiman for it, as a reward he appointed his heir. Ali, using letters, appealed for support to the heads of Sakalib. Hairan invited Ali ibn Hammoud to his place. In the summer of 1016, the Grenadian Berbers and Sacaliba took Cordoba. Hisham was not found, but they found a corpse in which the remains of this caliph were identified. Ali, as the only candidate, was proclaimed a caliph, after which the deterioration of relations between the allies began. Mishin suggests: Hairan believed

that Ali used him to come to power, and at any moment can try to get rid of him. Relations between the allies became increasingly tense. Ali even intended to organize an attempt on Hairan [248, v. 8, p. 99; 261, p. 121—122], but he managed to escape. Ali sent a chase after him, but Hairan with the help of supporters - especially Zuhair [151, p. 130] - managed to hide in their possessions.

- Mishin D.E. Sakaliba (Slavs) in the Islamic world in the early Middle Ages

After returning to Almeria, Khairan temporarily decided to abandon the idea of ​​reviving the Umayyad state. But then he found a candidate for this throne. He was proclaimed by the caliph Abd ar-Rahman IV , the great-grandson of the caliph Abd ar-Rahman III . In preparation for the campaign in Cordoba, Hairan learned that in March 1018, Ali was killed by his slaves, the eunuchs of Sakaliba. Khalifa in Cordoba proclaimed Ali's brother, Qasim ibn Hammoud .

Hairan with the caliph Abd ar-Rahman IV and the adjoining Munzir Ibn Yahya at-Tujibi , Sulayman Ibn Hudm and the Catalans went to Cordoba. Abd ar-Rahman IV, not happy with the fact that they want to make him a puppet, tried to free himself from Khayran’s guardianship, relying on the ruler of Valencia Mubarak. Having decided to get rid of a too independent claimant to the throne, Hairan and Munzir dragged Abd ar-Rahman IV into the war with the Granada Berbers. Approaching Granada, they demanded that the ruler of the city of Zawi Zirid recognize the authority of the new caliph, and then left during the decisive battle. Abd ar-Rahman IV, having lost, fled to Guadis, where he was killed by order of Khairan.

Mishin writes that Caliph Qasim Ibn Hammoud, pursued a different policy than his brother's attitude towards the rulers who strengthened in the east of Andalusia. Unlike Ali, he sought to make peace with them, even at the cost of territorial concessions. Kasim invited Hyran to meet in Cordoba, where, according to E. Levy-Provence , he confirmed his possessions and peace was concluded between them.

In the summer of 1021, Hairan offered his services to Yahya ibn Ali against Qasim, but he refused. In 1026, after the murder in Cordoba of Muhammad III , there was no ruler in the city for a long time. Hairan, together with the ruler of Denia, Abu l-Jaysh Mujahid, made a campaign and occupied the city. But since they could not agree on the caliph’s candidacy for a month, they quarreled. June 12, 1026 Hairan left Cordoba, and then Mujahid did it.

Power

During Hairan, construction was underway in Almeria, fortifications were built (walls of Hairan), water supply was established. The influx of immigrants into the city has grown, and soon the population has doubled.

By the end of the reign, Hairan became the ruler of a great power. In addition to Orihuela, Tudmir, Murcia, Almeria, he was joined by Jaen in 1018/1019.

Before his death, Khairan appointed his successor Zuhair , who belongs to the Sakaliba and was the governor of Murcia under Khairan.

July 1, 1028 Hairan died.

• Ryzhov K. All the monarchs of the world. Muslim East VII-XV centuries - M .: Veche, 2004 .-- S. 334-335. - 544 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-94538-301-5 .
• Aydin Arif oglu Ali-zade. Chronicle of Muslim states of the I-VII centuries. Hijras. - 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Ummah, 2004 .-- S. 239-242. - 445 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-94824-111-4 .
• Mishin D.E. Sakaliba (Slavs) in the Islamic world in the early Middle Ages

• Taifa Almeria (neopr.) . Reconquista . Date of treatment July 18, 2012. Archived April 21, 2012.