Ivan Semyonovich Polyakov ( June 12, 1845 - April 5, 1887 ) - Russian zoologist, anthropologist, and ethnographer. The most famous discovery in 1879 Kostenkovskoy primitive man, as well as the scientific description (1881) of the Przhevalsky horse.
Ivan Semyonovich Polyakov | |
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Date of Birth | June 12, 1845 |
Place of Birth | stanitsa Novo-Tsuruhaytuyevskaya , Transbaikal region |
Date of death | April 5, 1887 (41 years) |
Place of death | St. Petersburg |
A country | Russian empire |
Scientific field | zoology , anthropology , ethnography |
Alma mater | St. Petersburg University |
Awards and prizes | Silver Medal of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society Gold Medal of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society < |
Content
Biography
Ivan Semenovich was born into a Cossack family in the village of Novo-Tsuruhaytuevskaya Trans - Baikal Region. Mother - Buryat .
ABC Polyakov learned from the Cossack constable, he studied at the local school. In 1855, local historian Nikolay Kashin helped collect plant and insect collections for the Irkutsk Museum. From 1859 he studied at the Irkutsk Military School. He took part in the Vitimo-Olekminsk expedition in 1866, led by Peter Kropotkin .
In 1867 he moved to St. Petersburg, externally passed exams for the course of the gymnasium.
In 1870, he was enrolled in the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University (natural department). In 1874, after graduating from the university, he was accepted by the keeper of the Zoological Museum at the Imperial Academy of Sciences. He passed his master's examinations and defended his thesis for a master's degree in zoology.
Polyakov made scientific expeditions to Olekma (1866), to Olonets gubernia (1871), to Berezovsky krai (1876), to the Mariinsky district of Tomsk province , to Lake Balkhash (1877) and to Sakhalin island (1880).
In addition, Polyakov made a round-the-world expedition, about which he wrote dozens of scientific articles and essays.
Publications
In addition to editing "Notes Imp. rus geogr. total. "in general geography (St. Petersburg, 1875, v. V; 1876, t. VII; 1879. t. VIII), Polyakov published
- “Report on a trip to the Eastern Sayan” (in the “Report on the actions of the Siberian department of the Imperial Russian Geograf. Society for 1868”, St. Petersburg, 1869),
- “On the need for geographical research in St. Petersburg. lips. "(" News of the Imp. Russian geogr. society. "1871, t. VII),
- "On the remnants of the stone period in the Olonetsky lips." (Ib., 1872, t. VIII),
- "Physical and geographical research" (ib., 1873, v. IX),
- “Report on the Olekminsko-Vitimskoy expedition of 1866” (“Notes of the Imp. Rus. Geograms. Total in general geography”, 1873, v. III)
- "Ethnographic observations during a trip to the south-east of Olonetsky bay." ("Notes Imp. Russian. Geograf. General. Department of Ethnography", 1873, v. III),
- "On research in the Upper Volga basin and in the watershed of the Baltic and White Sea systems" (Izvestia Imp. Rus. Geographer. Society., 1874, v. IX),
- "Physical and geographical description of the southeastern part of the Olonets province." - SPb., 1886. - (Notes of the imps. Russian geogr. Islands on a common geogr .; t. XVI, No. 2).
- "On the remains of the Stone Age" (ib.),
- “On the ethnographic research in the Pre-Pechersk region” (ib.)
- "On research in the upper reaches of the Volga" (ib.)
- “Letters and reports on travels to the valley of the r. Obi "(in the" Supplement to Notes of the Imp. Akd. Sciences ", 1877, t. XXX),
- "The life of man and animals in the valley of the river. Obi ”(“ Izvestia Imp. Rus. Geogr. Society. ”, 1877, t. XIII),
- "A trip to the basin of Lake Balkhash" (ib., 1878, t. XIV),
- "The project of the expedition to study the remains of the Stone Age in the Vladimir Province." (Ib.)
- “Ostyaks and the fishing industry in the valley of the r. Obi "(" Nature and the Hunt ", 1878, Vol. 2-3),
- "On the Stone Age in Russia" ("Izvestia Imp. Rus. Geogr. Society.", 1879, v. XV),
- “On the anthropological trip to Vladimir Province” (ib.)
- “Anthropological trip to Central and Eastern Russia” (“Appendix to the Notes of the Imp. Academy of Sciences”, 1880, vol. XXXVII, No. 1).
- Przewalski's horse (Equus Przewalskii n. Sp.) // Izv. Imp. Russian geogr. About. 1881. V. 17, no. 1. Dep. I: Geographical news. Pp. 1-23.
- “Studies on the Stone Age in Olonetsky Bay, in the valley of the Oka River and in the upper reaches of the Volga,” with 10 tables of figures // Notes Imp. Russian geogr. Islands on the department of ethnography. 1882. T. IX.
- Travel to Sakhalin Island // Izv. Imp. Russian geogr. about-va. 1883. T. XIX.
- Report on research on the island of Sakhalin and in the South Ussuriisk region of St. Petersburg., 1884.
After Polyakov’s death, two more of his articles appeared: “In the Extreme East of Russia” (“Nov”, 1888, Vol. XIX) and “Peasant Population in the Extreme East of Russia” (ib., Vol. XXII and XXIII).
Polyakov was a versatile explorer. An extensive collection of various kinds of objects collected by him during numerous trips has been transferred to the Imperial Academy of Sciences .
Literature
- Polyakov, Ivan Semenovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia
- Anuchin D. N. “About the people of Russian science and culture (articles, obituaries, notes)”. - M., 1950
- E. D. Petryaev. “Researchers and writers of the old Transbaikalia” - Chita, 1954
- Grigoriev S.V. Biographical dictionary. Natural science and technology in Karelia. - Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1973. - p. 181-182. - 269 s. - 1000 copies
- Epshtein E.M. Researcher of Olonets region // Polyakov I.S. - Petrozavodsk, 1991
- Konstantinov M.V. “Oracle of the Ages: Sketches about Siberian Researchers” - Novosibirsk, 2002.
- Konstantinov A.V., Konstantinova N.N. “The History of Transbaikalia (from the most ancient times to 1917)” Study Guide.- Chita: ANO TsNOP, 2002. ISBN 5851582170
- Ivan Semyonovich Polyakov (1847–1887) // Illustrated Supplement to No. 180 of the Siberian Life newspaper. August 17, 1903. Tomsk.